Based on the MODIS NDVI data of 2000, 2005 and 2010, and by using ArcGIS 9.3 and Fragstas 3.3, this study investigated the vegetation landscape change in hilly area of central Sichuan. At a scale of 10 years, the regional vegetation was dominated by mid-high and high coverage. Overall, from 2000 to 2005, the vegetation coverage had less change; while since 2005, the area of high vegetation coverage decreased sharply, and most of it converted to mid-high vegetation coverage. In terms of landscape characteristics, the patches since 2005 had become more fragmented and more confounding, with the largest patch index reduced to 28%. Spatially, the areas with reduced vegetation coverage concentrated in traffic trunk lines, new cities, large project construction lands and their surrounding areas. In the past 10 years, due to the effects of accelerated urbanization, massively increased towns and transportation construction lands, superimposed rural land abandonment, and other interference factors, the vegetation coverage in the hilly area of central Sichuan presented a decreasing trend.