Abstract: Land consolidation and development is a key way to achieve the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation in China. The land consolidation and development of the Mu Us Sandy Land in Yulin region has contributed to the dynamic balance of total cultivated land in Shaanxi Province. Given that the Mu Us Sandy Land is located in an ecologically fragile area, large-scale land consolidation and development may lead to serious environmental problems. Through the investigation of land development projects in Mu Us Sandy Land of Yulin, we found that the sandy land development area in Yulin was nearly 10000 hm². This largescale sandy land development had led to the decline of groundwater level in some areas, and the concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N in groundwater exceeded water quality standard. There is risk of resandification for those cultivated lands developed on sandy lands due to lack of the protection from shelter forests and effective coverage. In connection with the natural characteristics and land consolidation and development status of the Mu Us Sandy Land in Yulin, we suggest reduce intensity of land development and increase the intensity of land consolidation. Strategies include: implementing environmental impact assessment of land consolidation planning, understanding the potential of land development and consolidation in the region from the planning aspect, providing solutions to the environmental problems from a macroperspective; postevaluation of the environmental impacts of the developed lands to summarize lessons. Moreover, in the process of land consolidation and development, it is necessary to optimize land consolidation and development model, to enhance the overall service function of the regional ecosystem, and rationally extract groundwater to maintain ecohydrological security.