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基于固定流速法的鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼游泳能力

侯轶群1,Lynda Newbold2,蔡露1,王翔1,3,胡望斌1,乔晔1*
  

  1. (1水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所, 水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室, 武汉 430079; 2 The International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; 3长江勘测规划设计研究院, 武汉 430010)
  • 出版日期:2016-06-10 发布日期:2016-06-10

Swimming performance of juvenile Aristichthys nobilis under fixed velocity swimming tests.

HOU Yi-qun1, NEWBOLD Lynda2, CAI Lu1, WANG Xiang1,3, HU Wang-bin1,  QIAO Ye1*#br#   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of HydraulicProjects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China; 2The International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; 3Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan 430010, China).
  • Online:2016-06-10 Published:2016-06-10

摘要: 鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)是中国重要的经济鱼类,持续游泳速度和耐久游泳速度是鱼类重要的游泳能力参数。本文利用开敞式平坡水槽,采用固定流速法,测试了118尾鳙幼鱼的持续游动时间,研究鳙的基础游泳能力。结果表明:全长为12.5~17.5、17.5~22.5和22.5~27.5 cm的3组鱼的持续游泳速度分别为13.7~39.8、46.1~78.0和60.3~75.7 cm·s-1,耐久游泳速度分别为29.9~60.0、65.3~120.2和59.2~122.9 cm·s-1,且98%以上的测试鱼类持续游动时间分布在0~10 min和>200 min的范围内;在18~26.3 ℃的范围内,温度对鳙幼鱼的持续游泳速度和耐久游泳速度均有显著性影响,相对持续速度Us(TL·s-1, TL为鱼全长)随温度T升高呈线性增大的趋势,拟合方程为Us=0.19T-1.57(n=27,R2=0.48,P<0.001);相对耐久速度Up随温度T升高也呈线性增大的趋势,Up=0.20T-0.63(n=83,R2=0.22,P<0.001);鳙幼鱼的持续游动时间呈明显的两极化分布,因此在其临界游泳速度测试中应选用>10 min的时间步长和适宜的流速步长,鳙幼鱼发生极限疲劳的前一个水流速度可用于评估其持续游泳速度;温度变化会显著影响鱼类的持续游泳速度和耐久游泳速度,在适温范围内,鳙幼鱼的持续游泳速度、耐久游泳速度和临界游泳速度随温度的变化趋势相同。

关键词: 长洲水利枢纽, 鱼道, 过鱼效果

Abstract: Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) is an important commercial fish in China. Sustained and prolonged swimming speeds are two important parameters to assess the swimming performance of the fish. In this study, one hundred and eighteen juvenile bighead carp were divided into three groups according to total length (TL): 12.5-17.5, 17.5-22.5 and 22.5-27.5 cm. Fixed velocity tests were used to measure sustained and prolonged swimming speeds in an open channel flume. Sustained swimming speeds for the three groups were 13.7-39.8, 46.1-78.0 and 60.3-75.7 cm·s-1, and prolonged swimming speeds were 29.9-60.0, 65.3-120.2 and 59.2-122.9 cm·s-1, respectively. Nearly all (>98%) of the fatigue time was in one of two ranges: either <10 min or >200 min. Both sustained swimming speed (Us) and prolonged swimming speed (Up) increased as a linear function of water temperature (T) from 18 ℃ to 26.3 ℃. The correlations were significant if absolute speeds were converted to relative speeds (U/TL, TL is the total length): Us=0.19T-1.57 (n=27, R2=0.48, P<0.001); Up=0.20T-0.63 (n=83, R2=0.22, P<0.001). The results indicate that the time interval needs to exceed 10 min in the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) test, and the penultimate velocity before fatigue can be considered the maximum sustainable speed. Temperature also significantly affected the sustained and prolonged swimming speeds, displaying the same trend as Ucrit in the optimal temperature range.

Key words: Changzhou Dam, fishway, passage efficiency.