土壤中铬价态转化的影响因素与作用机制研究进展

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2177-2184.

• ·矿区生态过程与生态修复专栏· (专栏组织专家：伍松林、王少锋、王美娥、刘允佳) • 上一篇下一篇

土壤中铬价态转化的影响因素与作用机制研究进展

包成龙,刘根红^*

土壤铬污染是一种具有高毒性、持久性和生物累积性的全球性环境问题，对生态系统与人类健康构成严重威胁。铬的环境毒性与风险主要取决于其化学价态，其中六价铬（Cr(VI)）具有高毒性和强迁移性，而三价铬（Cr(III)）毒性低且易于沉淀。因此，揭示土壤中铬价态转化的过程与机制是评估其环境风险与开发修复策略的关键。本研究系统梳理了国内外相关研究进展，聚焦于土壤中铬价态转化的关键驱动因素，包括pH、氧化还原电位（Eh）、有机质、微生物及铁锰氧化物等环境因子；并进一步阐明了三类主导转化机制：以铁锰循环为核心化学氧化还原机制，有机质的“吸附-还原-络合”协同过程，以及微生物参与的酶与非酶还原途径。当前多因子耦合、微观界面过程及络合物环境效应等方向仍存在认知空白。未来的研究需进一步结合多因素试验、宏基因组学及同步辐射，深入探索多因子耦合作用下及微观分子机制下的铬价态转化行为。

出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-10

Progress in the study of influencing factors and action mechanism of chromium valence transformation in soil.

BAO Chenglong, LIU Genhong^*

Soil chromium (Cr) contamination has become a global challenge in environmental remediation owing to its high environmental toxicity and cyclic complexity. The environmental toxicity and risk of chromium mainly depend on its chemical valence. The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) being highly toxic and dispersible, whereas trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is less toxic and more easily precipitated. Therefore, revealing the processes and mechanisms of chromium valence transformation in soil is key to assess its environmental risk and develop remediation technologies. In this study, we systematically reviewed global research on different valence transformation mechanisms of chromium, with a focus on the key drivers, including pH, redox potential (Eh), organic matter, microorganisms, Fe-Mn oxides, and other environmental factors. Three types of dominant transformation mechanisms were identified, including the chemical redox mechanism primarily occurring in the Fe-Mn cycle, the synergistic adsorption-reduction-complexation processes of organic matter, and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic reduction pathways involving microorganisms. Currently, there is a knowledge gap in multifactorial coupling, micro-interfacial processes, and environmental effects of complexes. Future research should combine analyses of multifactorial effects, microbial chromium transformation mechanisms based on macrogenomics and proteomics, and synchrotron radiation to comprehensively explore chromium valence transformation behavior under the influence of multifactorial coupling and in microenvironments.

Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 化学氧化还原| 有机质络合| 微生物介导| 修复策略

包成龙, 刘根红. 土壤中铬价态转化的影响因素与作用机制研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(7): 2177-2184.

BAO Chenglong, LIU Genhong. Progress in the study of influencing factors and action mechanism of chromium valence transformation in soil.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(7): 2177-2184.

土壤中铬价态转化的影响因素与作用机制研究进展

Progress in the study of influencing factors and action mechanism of chromium valence transformation in soil.

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