青藏高原东北缘不同人工林土壤水分与固碳特征

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202603.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取青藏高原东北缘地区立地条件相似、林龄为13～100年的青海云杉人工林（Picea crassifolia，13P、35P、80P、100P）和39年生的高密度华北落叶松人工林（Larix principis-rupprechtii，39L）为研究对象，观测1 m内土壤水分、土壤有机碳组分和碳储量，为认识和评价该地区典型人工林的固碳过程和生态效益提供科学依据。结果显示，青海云杉林0～80 cm土壤平均含水量表现为：13P（30.99%）<35P（33.85%）<80P（38.61%）<100P（41.74%）。39L在60～100 cm土壤含水量显著低于林龄接近的35P（P<0.05），表明高密度的华北落叶松林造成底层土壤水分耗竭。随着林龄的延长，青海云杉人工林表层土壤有机碳（SOC）和颗粒态有机碳（POC）含量均显著增加（P<0.05），矿物结合态有机碳（MAOC）未发生显著变化，SOC稳定性降低。39L表层SOC具有较高的稳定性，但其活性有机碳含量显著低于35P。相关性分析发现，造林后土壤剖面表层与深层SOC的累积过程和稳定性存在不同的驱动机理。该地区采用青海云杉造林后生物量、土壤和凋落物层具有较大的固碳容量，可以在较长时间内发挥碳汇功能。采用高密度华北落叶松造林39年后生物量碳储量超过了100年青海云杉，建议采用间伐抚育来实现碳汇功能的持续性发挥。

关键词: 人工林, 土壤含水量, 土壤有机碳, 碳储量, 有机碳稳定性

Abstract: We measured soil moisture, soil organic carbon fractions and carbon storage within 1 m depth in Picea crassifolia plantations (with stand ages of 13, 35, 80, and 100 years, denoted as 13P, 35P, 80P, and 100P respectively) and high-density Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation (with a stand age of 39 years, denoted as 39L) with similar site conditions in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The aim of this study was to provide scientific basis for assessing carbon sequestration and ecological benefits of typical plantations. The results showed that the average soil moisture in the 0-80 cm layer of Picea crassifolia plantations showed the following order: 13P (30.99%) < 35P (33.85%) < 80P (38.61%) < 100P (41.74%). Soil moisture at 60-100 cm depth under the 39L was significantly lower than that in 35P (P<0.05), indicating that water depletion occurred in deep soil layers. With increasing stand ages, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in Picea crassifolia plantation increased significantly (P<0.05), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) showed no significant changes, and the SOC stability decreased. The SOC stability of topsoil in 39L was higher than that of 35P, but the active organic carbon content was significantly lower than that of 35P. Correlation analysis revealed different driving mechanisms for SOC accumulation and stability after afforestation at the surface versus deep soil layers. Afforestation with Picea crassifolia had a high carbon sequestration capacity in biomass, soils, and litter layer, which can play a role of carbon sink for a relatively long time. After 39 years of afforestation with high-density plantations of Larix principis-rupprechtii, biomass carbon storage exceeded that of 100-year-old Picea crassifolia plantations (100P). It is recommended to adopt thinning and tending to achieve sustainable carbon sink function.

Key words: plantation forest, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, carbon storage, organic carbon stability

李文嘉, 王帆, 陈楚楠, 梅中奇, 石生伟. 青藏高原东北缘不同人工林土壤水分与固碳特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(3): 767-776.

LI Wenjia, WANG Fan, CHEN Chunan, MEI Zhongqi, SHI Shengwei. Soil moisture and carbon sequestration characteristics of different planted forests in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(3): 767-776.

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青藏高原东北缘不同人工林土壤水分与固碳特征

Soil moisture and carbon sequestration characteristics of different planted forests in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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