磷钾运筹对北方粳稻稻米品质及RVA谱特征值的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202504.007

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 1212-1219.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202504.007

磷钾运筹对北方粳稻稻米品质及RVA谱特征值的影响

刘雅,高继平,宋琪,马沁春,马诚,刘惠玲,钟敏,张文忠^*

（沈阳农业大学水稻所，北方粳稻育种栽培技术国家地方联合工程实验室，沈阳 110086）

出版日期:2025-04-10 发布日期:2025-04-11

Effects of phosphorus and potassium operations on the quality and RVA characteristic values of northern Japonica rice.

LIU Ya, GAO Jiping, SONG Qi, MA Qinchun, MA Cheng, LIU Huiling, ZHONG Min, ZHANG Wenzhong^*

(Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Japonica Rice Breeding and Cultivation Technology in North China, Shenyang 110086, China).

Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-04-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解磷钾运筹对北方粳稻稻米品质的影响，于2021—2022年在沈阳开展了不同磷钾处理试验。以“沈农265”和“辽粳294”为试验材料，设89.25 kg·hm^-2（P1）和120.75 kg·hm^-2（P2）2个施磷水平，基蘖与穗肥比为7∶3（K1）和8∶2（K2）2个钾肥运筹比例，以不施磷钾肥（P0K0）为对照，共5个处理，进行大田试验，于成熟期测定稻米营养品质、蒸煮食味品质、外观加工品质及RVA谱特征值。结果表明：与P0K0处理相比，施磷钾可增加两品种谷蛋白含量、总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、糙米率、精米率、整精米率、外观值、平衡度、食味值、黏度值、消减值、峰值黏度、热浆黏度和最终黏度；降低两品种直链淀粉含量、垩白粒率、垩白度、崩解值和回复值；与其他处理相比，P2K2处理可增加两品种外观值、平衡度、食味值和黏度值，降低垩白粒率和垩白度；在2021—2022年，“辽粳294”的P2K2处理食味值较其他处理显著增加1.18%~20.08%；主成分分析和相关性分析表明，两品种峰值黏度与垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量呈显著或极显著负相关，与外观、平衡度、黏度和食味值呈显著或极显著正相关；P2K2处理可充分发挥磷钾协同的互作效应，可同步改善稻米品质并优化部分稻米RVA谱特征值。

关键词: 稻米品质, RVA谱特征值, 磷钾肥, 相关关系

Abstract: To investigate the effects of phosphorus and potassium management on the quality of northern Japonica rice, we conducted a field experiment with different phosphorus and potassium treatments in Shenyang from 2021 to 2022. Cultivars ‘Shennong 265’ and ‘Liaojing 294’ were used as the test materials. There were two phosphorus application levels: 89.25 kg·hm^-2 (P1) and 120.75 kg·hm^-2 (P2), with a potassium fertilizer operation ratio of 7∶3 (K1) and 8∶2 (K2) for base-tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer (with a total amount of 105 kg·hm^-2), respectively. No phosphate and potassium fertilizer application (P0K0) was set as control, resulting in a total of five treatments. We measured nutritional quality, cooking and taste quality, appearance, processing quality, and characteristic rapid visco analyzer (RVA) profile values of the rice at maturity. The application of phosphorus and potassium increased gluten content, total starch content, amylopectin content, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, appearance value, balance degree, taste value, viscosity, setback, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and final viscosity of both cultivars, but reduced the amylose content, chalk grain rate, chalkiness, disintegration value, and consistence value of both cultivars. Compared with the other treatments, P2K2 treatment increased the appearance, balance degree, taste value, and viscosity of both cultivars, and reduced chalk grain rate and chalkiness. In 2021 and 2022, the taste value of ‘Liaojing 294’ treated with P2K2 significantly increased by 1.18%-20.08%, compared with the other treatments. Peak viscosity of both cultivars was significantly negatively correlated with chalk grain rate and amylose content and significantly positively correlated with appearance, balance degree, viscosity, and taste values. P2K2 treatment can fully leverage the synergistic effects of phosphorus and potassium, synchronously improving rice quality and optimizing certain characteristic RVA profile values of the rice.

Key words: rice quality, RVA profile characteristic value, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, correlation relationship

刘雅, 高继平, 宋琪, 马沁春, 马诚, 刘惠玲, 钟敏, 张文忠. 磷钾运筹对北方粳稻稻米品质及RVA谱特征值的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(4): 1212-1219.

LIU Ya, GAO Jiping, SONG Qi, MA Qinchun, MA Cheng, LIU Huiling, ZHONG Min, ZHANG Wenzhong. Effects of phosphorus and potassium operations on the quality and RVA characteristic values of northern Japonica rice.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(4): 1212-1219.

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磷钾运筹对北方粳稻稻米品质及RVA谱特征值的影响

Effects of phosphorus and potassium operations on the quality and RVA characteristic values of northern Japonica rice.

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