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生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1670-1677.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202307.002

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

根茎型禾草地下芽库与克隆构件的生长特性

樊如月,牛茹,王春雯,王梓凡,李青丰*   

  1. (内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 呼和浩特 010010)
  • 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2023-07-06

Growth characteristics of bud bank and clonal traits for rhizomatous grasses.

FAN Ruyue, NIU Ru, WANG Chunwen, WANG Zifan, LI Qingfeng*   

  1. (College of Grassland, Resource and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China).
  • Online:2023-07-10 Published:2023-07-06

摘要: 研究根茎型禾草的克隆生长特性在揭示草地植物的适应对策中具有重要意义。本研究在观测24种根茎型禾草地上、地下克隆生长格局的基础上,选择3种代表性禾草,采用“单位土体挖掘取样法”,对其芽库及克隆构件季节性变化进行监测。结果表明:(1)根茎型禾草的克隆生长格局包含三类:(Ⅰ)以无芒雀麦为代表的“短根茎平面扩展型”、(Ⅱ)以赖草为代表的“长根茎平面扩展型”和(Ⅲ)以白草为代表的“空间层片扩展型”。(2)白草的分蘖(540~680个·m-2)、节间(3200~4600个·m-2)和芽库(350~1000个·m-2)密度成倍数高于其他2种禾草,其空间克隆生长能力最强(P≤0.05);赖草的节间密度(1300~1700 个·m-2)和长度(3.5~4.0 cm)显著高于无芒雀麦的节间密度(70~320个·m-2)与长度(1.0~1.5 cm),根茎延伸能力较后者强(P≤0.05)。(3)无芒雀麦的分蘖密度与分蘖芽呈正相关,但与向上芽呈负相关,呈“密集型”生长(P≤0.05);赖草的分蘖密度和节间密度与根茎芽、分蘖芽、水平芽和向上芽的芽密度均呈正相关,呈“密集-游击型”过渡生长;白草分蘖密度和节间密度均与根茎芽呈正相关,呈“游击型”生长。结合研究区干旱、夏季高温、冬季寒冷、土壤贫瘠等特点,“密集-游击型”生长的赖草既可以集中利用资源,也可以索取分散资源,更易于在该区形成优势种群。通过分析芽库、克隆构件的分布与数量关系,了解根茎型禾草克隆生长特性,有助于揭示植物在群落中的分布,为退化草地的恢复提供有益参考。


关键词: 芽库密度, 分蘖密度, 节间密度, 克隆生长格局

Abstract: Studying the clonal growth characteristics of rhizomatous grasses would help understand their adaptive strategy. In this study, we selected three rhizomatous grasses based on examining the aboveground and belowground clonal growth patterns from 24 rhizomatous grass species. After that, we conducted a field experiment to monitor the seasonal variations of bud banks and clonal traits of the three rhizomatous grasses using a soil-unit exaction sampling method. The results showed that: (1) there were three types of clonal growth patterns, i.e., type Ⅰ, short rhizo matous grasses with horizontal expansions (Bromus inermis), type Ⅱ, long rhizomatous grasses with horizontal expansions (Leymus secalinus), and type Ⅲ, long rhizomatous grasses with spatial layer expansions (Pennisetum centrasiaticum). (2) P. centrasiaticum had the highest tiller density (540-680 tillers·m-2), internode density (3200-4600 internodes·m-2) and total bud density (350-1000 buds·m-2) among three rhizomatous grasses, indicating the strongest spatial clonality (P≤0.05). L. secalinus had a higher internode density (1300-1700 internodes·m-2) and internode length (3.5-4.0 cm) than that (70-320 internodes·m-2, 1.0-1.5 cm) of B. inermis (P≤0.05), showing a higher clonality with rhizome expansions relative to the latter. (3) B. inermis displayed a phalanx growth form with a positive relationship between tiller density and axillary shoot bud, and a negative relationship between tiller density and vertical apical rhizome bud (P≤0.05). L. secalinus had a phalanx-guerilla growth form with positive relationships of tiller density (or internode density) with axillary shoot bud, axillary rhizome bud, vertical apical rhizome bud, and horizontal apical rhizome bud. P. centrasiaticum had a guerilla growth form with a positive relationship of tiller density (or internode density) with axillary rhizome bud. In the study site with the characteristics of drought, high temperature in summer, cold in winter, and nutrient-poor soil, L. secalinus, featured with phalanx-guerilla clonal growth, can monopolize resources, exploit patchy resources and develop dominant populations more easily than two other species. Understanding the clonal growth characteristics through analyzing the structure and quantitative relations among bud banks and clonal traits is essential for revealing species distribution within communities and thus provides a useful reference for the restoration of degraded grasslands.


Key words: bud bank density, tiller density, internode density, clonal growth pattern.