生物炭陈化对玉米产量及土壤水肥的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202208.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究生物炭陈化对农田土壤水肥的作用效果，设置2种陈化时间的生物炭Y₁、Y₅（新施入土壤的生物炭、田间自然陈化第5年的生物炭）和3个生物炭施用量C₀、C₆和C₁₂（0、6和12 t·hm^-2）的田间双因素随机区组试验，研究生物炭陈化对玉米产量、不同土层含水率和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：相同施炭量下，陈化第5年的生物炭较新鲜生物炭对玉米产量及土壤水肥效应所表现出的正向效应均降低。Y₁C₁₂处理玉米产量提升最高（28.3%），Y₅C₆处理玉米产量提升最低（6.9%）；相同施炭量下，陈化第5年生物炭的玉米增产效应小于新鲜生物炭。除Y₅C₆处理外，其余生物炭处理与Y₁C₀（Y₅C₀）处理相比均显著提高了玉米的水分利用效率（P<0.05），提升幅度为5.4%～16.7%。施用生物炭对土壤含水率的影响主要集中在表层土壤，陈化生物炭处理的土壤含水率较新鲜生物炭处理的土壤含水率显著降低，5年低量生物炭Y₅C₆处理下的土壤含水率与Y₁C₀（Y₅C₀）处理无显著差异。施用生物炭显著增加了土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量，进而提升土壤综合肥力，但陈化第5年的生物炭对土壤养分提升效果低于新鲜生物炭，各处理土壤综合肥力表现为Y₁C₁₂>Y₅C₁₂>Y₁C₆>Y₅C₆>Y₁C₀（Y₅C₀）。本研究结果可为合理利用生物炭提供科学依据。

关键词: 生物炭陈化, 土壤含水率, 水分利用效率, 土壤综合肥力

Abstract: To explore the effects of biochar aging on soil moisture and fertility in cropland, we set up a field twofactor randomized block experiment. There were two kinds of biochar with different aging time (newly applied biochar to the soil, Y₁; biochar for the 5th year of natural aging in the field, Y₅) along with three doses of biochar application (0 t·hm^-2, C₀; 6 t·hm^-2, C₆; 12 t·hm^-2, C₁₂). We investigated the effects of those two different types of biochar on maize yield, water content and fertility in different soil layers. Results showed that under the same dose of biochar application, the positive effects of biochar with the 5th year of aging on maize yield, soil moisture and fertility were lower than that of fresh biochar addition. The maximum increment (28.3%) of maize yield was observed under Y₁C₁₂ and the minimum increment (6.9%) under Y₅C₆. The positive effect of biochar in the 5th year of aging on yield was less than that of fresh biochar under the same application dose. Except the Y₅C₆ treatment, biochar addition significantly improved water use efficiency of maize compared with the Y₁C₀ (Y₅C₀) treatment (5.4%-16.7%). The effect of biochar application on soil moisture was mainly concentrated in the surface soil. The soil moisture under the aged biochar treatment was significantly lower than that of the fresh biochar treatments. There was no significant difference in soil moisture between the treatment of aged biochar with low dose (Y₅C₆) and the treatment of Y₁C₀ (Y₅C₀). The application of biochar significantly increased the contents of soil nitrate, ammonium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, and thus improved the comprehensive soil fertility, and such effects of biochar in the 5th year of aging on soil nutrients were lower than that of fresh biochar. The comprehensive soil fertility of various treatments was in order of Y₁C₁₂>Y₅C₁₂>Y₁C₆>Y₅C₆>Y₁C₀ (Y₅C₀). Our results can provide theoretical foundation for rational utilization of biochar.

Key words: biochar aging, soil moisture, water use efficiency, comprehensive soil fertility.

王宣茗, 王丽学, 苏旭, 祝晓妍, 姜展博, 高欢. 生物炭陈化对玉米产量及土壤水肥的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(8): 1570-1579.

WANG Xuan-ming, WANG Li-xue, SU Xu, ZHU Xiao-yan, JIANG Zhan-bo, GAO Huan. Effects of biochar aging on yield of maize and soil moisture and fertility.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(8): 1570-1579.

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生物炭陈化对玉米产量及土壤水肥的影响

Effects of biochar aging on yield of maize and soil moisture and fertility.

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