生态模型在农田蒸散及土壤水分模拟中的适用性评价

生态学杂志

生态模型在农田蒸散及土壤水分模拟中的适用性评价

张雪松^1*,刘雅各²,胡正华^{1, 3},柳艺博¹,张富存¹,韩小梅^1#br#

（¹南京信息工程大学，气象灾害教育部重点实验室/江苏省农业气象重点实验室，南京 210044； ^2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，森林生态与管理重点实验室，沈阳 110016； ^3南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，南京 210044）

出版日期:2017-01-10 发布日期:2017-01-10

Evaluating the applicability of ecological model for simulating evapotranspiration and soil water content in winter wheat farmland.

ZHANG Xue-song^1*, LIU Ya-ge², HU Zheng-hua^1,3, LIU Yi-bo¹, ZHANG Fu-cun¹, HAN Xiao-mei^1#br#

(¹Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; ^2Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ^3Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast Meteorological Disaster Warning and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China).

Online:2017-01-10 Published:2017-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评价生态模型在农田蒸散及土壤水分运动模拟中的适用性，利用2013—2015年南京农业气象测站观测数据，评估了BEPS（Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator）模拟冬小麦农田生态系统逐日蒸散及与土壤水分动态的可靠性，并进一步开展了植被冠层蒸腾和农田土壤蒸发分离。模拟结果表明：BEPS适用于研究冬小麦农田蒸散量及土壤水分运动规律；由于考虑了叶片聚集指数和冬小麦根系垂直分布递减系数随生育期变动的参数化改进，BEPS分别可以解释2013—2014年和2014—2015年两个生长季农田生态系统蒸渗仪实测蒸散量变化的83%和74%，参数化改进前后模型效率ME相当（前：0.8，后0.74），标准差RMSE（前：1.50，后1.05），平均偏差MBE（前：0.5，后0.35），误差减小；两个生长季中，土壤蒸发占冠层上方总蒸散的比例随生育进程而变化，全生育期发散比平均值分别为34%和29%；BEPS模拟的0～40 cm土层深度土壤水分随时间变化趋势与实测值基本一致，可以解释78%以上的土壤水分实测值变化，并能快速地响应降水变化。本研究表明，生态模型可以用于模拟冬小麦农田蒸散和土壤水分变化，并有助于厘定农田冠层中难以区分的植被蒸腾和土壤蒸发的比例关系，可为进一步开展气候变化背景下的区域蒸散发评估及与之相联系的农田节水管理奠定基础。

Abstract: To assess the applicability of ecological model for simulating evapotranspiration and soil water content in farmland, BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator), a processbased ecological model, was employed to simulate daily evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water dynamics of winter wheat farmland in growing seasons of 2013-2015, then the simulated results were compared against the field experimental data at agrometeorological station in Nanjing, China. Furthermore, separation of soil evaporation and plant transpiration were conducted. Results showed that the R² values between the simulated and measured values reached 0.83 during 2013-2014 and 0.74 during 2014-2015. When the diurnal variation of leaf clumping index and root vertical distribution during the growth stage of the winter wheat was adopted in BEPS, BEPS performed better after modification, with the model efficiency (ME) value increasing from 0.74 to 0.8, the root mean square error (RMSE) value decreasing from 1. 50 mm to 1.05 mm, and the mean bias error (MBE) value decreasing from 0.50 mm to 0.35 mm, respectively. The ratio of soil evaporation to ET changed with growth progress during the growing stage, and the growing seasonaveraged ratios of soil evaporation to ET were 34% and 29% for the two growth seasons, respectively. The BEPS model explained 78% variations of soil moisture in the depth of 0-40 cm, and responded quickly to the change of precipitation. Our study indicates that the improved ecological model can be used to simulate the changes of ET and soil water content in winter wheat farmland, and estimate the ratio between transpiration and evaporation that are difficult to distinguish in crop canopy. Our results will provide a basis for evaluating regional ET and agricultural watersaving management under climate change in the future.

张雪松1*,刘雅各2,胡正华1, 3,柳艺博1,张富存1,韩小梅1. 生态模型在农田蒸散及土壤水分模拟中的适用性评价[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHANG Xue-song1*, LIU Ya-ge2, HU Zheng-hua1,3, LIU Yi-bo1, ZHANG Fu-cun1, HAN Xiao-mei1. Evaluating the applicability of ecological model for simulating evapotranspiration and soil water content in winter wheat farmland. [J]. cje.