西北干旱区荒漠植被生态需水量估算

生态学杂志

西北干旱区荒漠植被生态需水量估算

周丹^1,2,沈彦俊^2**,陈亚宁³,郭英²,张勃¹

（¹西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，兰州 730070； ²中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心，石家庄 050022； ³中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011）

出版日期:2015-03-10 发布日期:2015-03-10

Estimation of ecological water requirement of desert vegetation in the arid region of Northwest China.

ZHOU Dan^1,2, SHEN Yan-jun^2**, CHEN Ya-ning³, GUO Ying², ZHANG Bo^1

(¹College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; ^2Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China; ³State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China)

Online:2015-03-10 Published:2015-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于AVHRRGIMMS和SPOTVEGETATION两种NDVI数据计算西北干旱区生长季植被覆盖度指数（f_c），根据该指数划分阈值范围确定荒漠植被面积，并在塔里木盆地进行适用性验证。通过荒漠植被面积和参考作物蒸散量（ET₀），采用潜水蒸发模型，计算西北干旱区1982—2010年荒漠植被生态需水量，以期为今后西北干旱区水资源利用和管理提供科学依据。结果表明：根据f_c确定荒漠植被面积，在西北干旱区阈值范围设为0.1~0.35较为合理；1982—2010年西北干旱区荒漠植被面积总体上变化不大，呈现增减增的波动趋势。高、低覆盖度荒漠植被面积多年平均值分别为234.3和448.2万hm²；西北干旱区ET₀空间分布总体为南疆大于北疆、东部大于西部，其中南疆、北疆及河西地区ET₀多年平均值分别为1066.9、975.6和1171.6 mm。根据ET₀数据拟合分析计算西北干旱区荒漠植被潜水蒸发量，其中南疆、北疆和河西地区低覆盖度荒漠植被潜水蒸发量多年平均值分别为75、64和82 mm，高覆盖度荒漠植被分别为275、233和299 mm；1982—2010年西北干旱区荒漠植被生态需水量呈减少趋势，以0.1063亿m³·a^-1的速率减少，多年平均生态需水量为134.13亿m³。其中高覆盖度荒漠植被需水量多年平均为91.64亿m³，以0.3034亿m³·a^-1的速率减少;低覆盖度荒漠植被需水量多年平均为42.49亿m³，以0.1972亿m³·a^-1的速率增加。

关键词: 灌溉量, 温室气体, 小麦-玉米轮作, 净增温潜势, 碳足迹

Abstract: In this paper, we calculated the fractional vegetation cover (f_c) within growing season in the arid region of Northwest China based on two kinds of NDVI data (AVHRR-GIMMS and SPOT-VEGETATION). The desert vegetation area was determined according to the thresholds of vegetation cover, and which was validated in the Tarim River Basin. The ecological water requirement of desert vegetation in the arid region of Northwest China was calculated using the phreatic evaporation model with the area of desert vegetation and the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) during 1982-2010. The results were expected to provide evidence for water use management in this area in future. Results showed that the thresholds of f_c were reasonable to be 0.1-0.35 to determine the desert vegetation area in this area. There was no drastic change in area of desert vegetation during 1982-2010, which showed an increasedecreaseincrease trend. The mean areas of high vegetation cover and low vegetation cover were 2.343 million and 4.482 million hm², respectively. The annual ET₀ in the Tarim River Basin was higher than that in Northern Xinjiang, and the ET₀ in eastern part was larger than that in western part. The mean annual ET₀ values in Tarim River Basin, Northern Xinjiang and QilianHexi area were 1066.9, 975.6, and 1171.6 mm, respectively. Phreatic evaporation of the desert vegetation in the arid region of Northwest China was calculated according to the data fitting of the ET₀. In the Tarim River Basin, Northern Xinjiang and QilianHexi area, the mean annual phreatic evaporation values of the lowcover desert vegetation were 75, 64 and 82 mm, respectively; the mean annual phreatic evaporation values of the highcover desert vegetation were 275, and 233 and 299 mm, respectively. The mean annual ecological water requirement of desert vegetation was 13.413 billion m³ in the arid region of Northwest China, with a reduced rate of 10.63 million m³·a^-1 during 1982-2010. In area with high vegetation cover, the mean annual ecological water requirement was 9.164 billion m³, with a reduced rate of 30.34 million m³·a^-1, while that in area with low vegetation cover was 4.249 billion m³, with an increased rate of 19.72 million m³·a^-1.

Key words: carbon footprint, wheat-maize rotation system, greenhouse gas (GHG), net global warming potential (NGWP), irrigation amount

周丹1,2,沈彦俊2**,陈亚宁3,郭英2,张勃1. 西北干旱区荒漠植被生态需水量估算[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHOU Dan1,2, SHEN Yan-jun2**, CHEN Ya-ning3, GUO Ying2, ZHANG Bo1. Estimation of ecological water requirement of desert vegetation in the arid region of Northwest China.[J]. cje.

[1]	丁驰, 雷梅, 甘子莹, 王浩, 严强, 丘清燕, 胡亚林. 间伐和施肥对杉木人工林土壤温室气体排放的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(6): 1056-1065.
[2]	裴昱, 张悦, 耿世聪, 冯月, 张军辉. 林龄对红松和落叶松人工林土壤温室气体通量的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(3): 635-643.
[3]	高蝶, 陈赛男, 李思亮, 刘小龙, 李军, 白莉, 杨静, 王中良. 峡谷型水库温度分层期关键界面N₂O的产生和释放机理 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(8): 2737-2747.
[4]	朱凤婷,李奥,于晓曼,孟博,白金衡,王厚鑫,刘鸣达,马殿荣. 有机与常规培肥模式生产水稻的碳足迹 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(7): 2233-2241.
[5]	徐丽，李成旭，张军辉，冯月，张蕾,韩士杰. 多年冻土退化地区湿地土壤温室气体排放及其影响因子 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(5): 1464-1473.
[6]	刘俊霞,陈槐,薛丹,高永恒,刘建亮,杨军. 微生物介导的甲烷厌氧氧化过程及其影响因子研究进展 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(3): 1033-1044.
[7]	张鲜鲜, 周胜, 孙会峰, 张继宁, 王从. 干湿交替灌溉对水稻生产和温室气体减排影响研究进展 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(11): 3873-3880.
[8]	孙红英,辛全伟,林兴生,罗海凌,林辉,马志慧,兰思仁. 人工湿地植物种类和多样性对氧化亚氮释放及功能基因丰度的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(8): 2310-2317.
[9]	赵苗苗,邵蕊,杨吉林,赵芬,徐明. 基于DNDC模型的稻田温室气体排放通量模拟 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(4): 1057-1066.
[10]	卞航,胡正华,冯芳,肖启涛,谢燕红,徐足飞,李旭辉. 句容水库农田小流域N₂O浓度特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(4): 1164-1171.
[11]	陈奶寿,杨舟然,杨玉盛,陈仕东,谢锦升. 中亚热带杉木人工林苔藓覆盖对土壤温室气体排放的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(4): 1071-1080.
[12]	徐胜,付伟,平琴,何兴元*,陈玮,吴娴,苏丽丽,黄彦青. 气候变化对树木凋落物分解的影响研究进展 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(11): 3266-3272.
[13]	程瑶1,2,3*,王雨春2,3,胡明明2,3. 三峡水库支流水文情势差异对水-气界面二氧化碳释放通量特征的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(1): 216-223.
[14]	刘阳1,李丹1,孙红英1,2,杨国福1,陈正新1,3,范星1,葛滢1,常杰1**. 模拟人工湿地植物丰富度对硝氮去除及净温室效应的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(8): 2173-2180.
[15]	张凯1,郑华1**,欧阳志云1,李睿达1,杨苗1,兰俊2,项学武2. 施氮对桉树人工林生长季和非生长季土壤温室气体通量的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(7): 1779-1784.