捕食风险及其对动物觅食行为的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对捕食风险的涵义及其对猎物动物觅食行为的影响、猎物动物面对捕食风险时的反应进行了论述。捕食风险可以简单地理解为一定时间内猎物动物被杀死的概率。当捕食风险存在时,动物会选择相对安全但觅食效益较低的地点觅食;由于死亡率和消化方面的限制,一般都会产生食谱收缩;觅食活动方式的时间格局也会因捕食风险而发生改变,如水生动物的昼夜垂直迁移、某些陆生动物昼行性与夜行性活动的转换、月光回避等。在与捕食者发生遭遇时,猎物动物的主要反应是:①发出某些信号以阻止捕食者的追捕;②靠近并注视捕食者;③逃逸;④在一定的时间恢复觅食活动。在以往的研究中,对捕食者种类已经有了较多的了解,而对猎物如何判断捕食者丰富度信息、估计风险程度等方面则知之甚少;同时,对捕食风险水平的调控、对多种因素的综合分析也较少涉及。在今后的研究中,还应该考虑研究的尺度问题,因为在不同尺度的环境条件下,猎物动物对于捕食风险的反应可能大相径庭。

关键词: 异步孵化, 雏鸟生长, 白鹭, 池鹭, 夜鹭

Abstract: As the most commonly seen and normal behavior, foraging behavior is necessary to existence and reproduction of all animals. Members within an ecosystem was an entity which was connected throughtrophic relationship,i.e. food chain (web). The predation-prey relationship was ubiquitous among biological realm. Every living thing maybe become prey of predators while foraging. The influence of predation covered almost the whole animal behavioral decision-making ways. The risk of any animal being preyed was the foundation of various behavioral decision-making in a ecological time. Prey animals, located in middle trophic level, must not only search food to meet their survival need, but also cope with predation risk caused by predators around them. In other words, prey animals need to trade off between cost and benefit in the course of their foraging. Only by doing so can they attain optimal foraging efficiency. The implication of predation risk and its influences on animal foraging behavior and the response of prey to predators were introduced in this paper. Besides, there are some issues, which were deficient in the past works,should be pay more attention on in the research future.

Key words: Asynchrony hatching, Nestling growth, Egretta garzetta, Ardeola bacchus, Nycticorax nycticorax

中图分类号:

Q958

路纪琪, 张知彬. 捕食风险及其对动物觅食行为的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, (2): 66-72.

LU Jiqi, ZHANG Zhibin. Predation risk and its impact on animal foraging behavior[J]. cje, 2004, (2): 66-72.

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