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生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 3220-3226.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202510.008

• 城市生态学 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市绿地中鸟类果实植物互惠网络结构与特征

韦丽娟1,牙欣怡2,周灿2,黄勇萍1,汪国海2*   

  1. 1广西民族师范学院数学与计算机科学学院, 广西崇左 532200; 2广西民族师范学院农业与生物学院, 广西崇左 532200)

  • 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2026-04-01

Structure and characteristics of plant-frugivore bird mutualistic network in urban green space.

WEI Lijuan1, YA Xinyi2, ZHOU Can2, HUANG Yongping1, WANG Guohai2*   

  1. (1College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo 532200, Guangxi, China; 2College of Agriculture and Biology, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo 532200, Guangxi, China).
  • Online:2025-10-10 Published:2026-04-01

摘要: 2022年4月—2023年3月,采用焦点动物扫描法收集广西崇左市园博园中鸟类对果实植物的取食行为数据,通过分析两者间的互惠网络关系,探讨鸟类对果实植物的利用规律及动植物特征对其网络功能角色的影响。结果表明:全年中共收集到12种(2目8科)鸟类和15种(11目12科)果实植物间的取食行为数据2724条;每种鸟类平均取食(8.58±1.22)种植物的果实,每种植物平均吸引(6.80±0.56)种鸟类取食其果实;实际观察到的互惠网络结构与零模型相比,呈现出较低的连接度(C=0.57)、多样性(H2=3.52)、均匀度(E2=0.68)和嵌套度(wNODF=52.01),而网络水平的特化性(H′=0.12)和模块化(Q=0.10)则较高;红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus, CN=2.07)、暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops japonicus, CN=1.39)、黄臀鹎(Pycnonotus xanthorrhous, CN=0.90)及软叶刺葵(Phoenix roebelenii, CN=2.12)、马缨丹(Lantana camara, CN=1.65)和幌伞枫(Heteropanax fragrans, CN=1.06)对网络稳定性的贡献最大;广义线性模型分析表明,鸟类体型特征(体重、翅长和嘴峰长)和植物性状(重量、直径和颜色)中,仅鸟类体重、翅长和嘴峰长对物种水平特化性(d)存在显著影响,且大型鸟类具有更高的特化性。本研究表明,城市绿地中的鸟类与果实植物能形成典型的互惠网络关系,但互惠网络的结构较为单一,网络分析可成为确定关键生态系统功能状态的重要监测工具。


关键词: 互惠网络, 果实植物, 食果鸟类, 城市绿地

Abstract:

Focal animal scanning method was used to collect the birds’ feeding behavior on fruit plants in Chongzuo Garden Expo Park from April 2022 to March 2023. The plantfrugivore bird mutualistic relationships were analyzed to examine the utilization of fruit plants by birds and the association between species traits and their network roles. The results showed that a total of 2724 feeding behavior data were collected throughout the year between 12 bird species (2 orders, 8 families) and 15 plant species (11 orders, 12 families). On average, each bird species fed on the fruits from 8.58±1.22 plant species, and each plant species attracted 6.80±0.56 bird species to eat its fruits. The observed network showed lower connectivity (C=0.57), diversity (H2=3.52), evenness (E2=0.68), and weighted nestedness (wNODF=52.01), but higher specialization (H′=0.12) and modularity (Q=0.10) than random networks. Three bird species contributed most to network stability: Pycnonotus jocosus (CN=2.07), Zosterops japonicus (CN=1.39) and Pycnonotus xanthorrhous (CN=0.90). The most important plant species were Phoenix roebelenii (CN=2.12), Lantana camara (CN=1.65), and Heteropanax fragrans (CN=1.06). Among the bird morphological traits (body weight, wing length, and bill lengths) and plant traits (weight, diameter, and color), only bird body weight, wing length, and bill lengths significantly affected species-level specialization (d), with higher specialization of larger-bodied birds. The results suggested that birds and fruiting plants in urban green spaces can form a mutualistic network, but the structure of such mutualistic network is relatively simple. The network analysis could offer an important monitoring tool for detecting crucial ecosystem functions of bird-plant associations.


Key words: mutualistic network, fruiting plant, frugivore bird, urban green space