云南香格里拉亚高山寒温性针叶林20 hm2动态监测样地物种组成与生境关联

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202504.024

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 1076-1084.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202504.024

云南香格里拉亚高山寒温性针叶林20 hm²动态监测样地物种组成与生境关联

顾荣^1,2,万嘉敏²,陈明苗²,张彩彩^2*,林露湘^1,3*

(¹中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室，云南勐腊 666303； ²大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院，云南大理 671003； ³云南西双版纳森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，云南勐腊 666303)

出版日期:2025-04-10 发布日期:2025-04-08

Woody species composition and habitat association of the 20 hm² plot of subalpine cold-temperate coniferous forest in Shangri-La, Yunnan.

GU Rong^1,2, WAN Jiamin², CHEN Mingmiao², ZHANG Caicai^2*, LIN Luxiang^1,3*

(¹CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; ²Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China; ³National Forest Ecosystem Research Station at Xishuangbanna, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China).

Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长苞冷杉(Abies georgei) 林是横断山区亚高山寒温性针叶林的主要群落类型，也是我国西南高山树线生态系统的重要组成部分。本研究以云南香格里拉亚高山寒温性针叶林动态监测样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物为对象，探讨长苞冷杉林的物种组成、径级结构特征以及木本植物与生境的关联性。结果表明：(1)样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物独立个体为39106株，分枝9888个，隶属于10科15属28种，其中长苞冷杉的个体数为27463株，约占总个体数的70%；(2)科属的分布型以北温带及其两个变型为主，分别为50%和87%；(3)样地内个体数排前列的长苞冷杉、峨眉蔷薇(Rosa omeiensis)和西南花楸(Sorbus rehderiana) 的径级结构呈倒“J”型，说明这些种群能够保持稳健的自我更新能力；唐古特忍冬(Lonicera tangutica)、云南双盾木(Dipelta yunnanensis)和红棕杜鹃(Rhododendron rubiginosum)的径级结构呈偏正态分布，属于稳定型种群；(4)个体数量≥20的22种物种中，有10种与沟谷、低坡、高坡和高谷生境呈显著的正或负相关，其中红棕杜鹃和云南双盾木等4种与高坡生境呈正相关；丽江云杉(Picea likiangensis)和灰栒子(Cotoneaster acutifolius)与低坡生境正相关；长苞冷杉与高谷生境呈正相关，而红棕杜鹃、西南花楸和云南双盾木则与高谷生境呈负相关，说明生境生态位分化在局域长苞冷杉林物种多样性维持中具有重要作用。本研究为探讨亚高山寒温性针叶林的群落构建机制与物种共存机制提供了基础。

关键词: 长苞冷杉, 群落组成, 径级结构, 区系特征, 生境关联

Abstract: Abies georgei forests represent one of the major community types of subalpine cold-temperate coniferous forests in the Hengduan Mountains, which forms alpine treeline in southwest China. This study is based on survey data from the a 20 hm² plot in subalpine coldtemperate coniferous forest of the Shangri-La National Park in Yunnan Province. We investigated species composition, diameter class structure, and habitat preference of woody species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥1 cm. The results showed that: (1) A total of 39106 independent individuals and 9888 branches belonging to 10 families, 15 genera and 28 species were tagged. Among them, there were 27463 individuals of A. georgei, accounting for 70% of total individuals. (2) The areal type of the family and genera predominantly represented the north temperate and its two varieties, accounting for 50% and 87%, respectively. (3) The diameter class distribution of dominant species A. georgei, Rosa omeiensis and Sorbus rehderiana exhibited an inverse J-shaped pattern, indicating a good natural regeneration. Lonicera tangutica, Dipelta yunnanensis, and Rhododendron rubiginosum exhibited a skew-normal distribution, indicating stable population structure. (4) Among the 22 targeted species with individuals ≥20, 10 species were significantly positively or negatively associated with at least one specific habitat (i.e., gully, low slope, high slope, and high valley). Among them, four species, including R. rubiginosum and D. yunnanensis, showed a positive association with high-slope habitat. Two species, Picea likiangensis and Cotoneaster acutifolius, showed a positive association with low-slope habitat. A. georgei was positively associated with high-valley habitat, while three species, including R. rubiginosum, S. rehderiana, and D. yunnanensis, exhibited a negative association with high-valley habitat. These findings suggest that the niche differentiation of habitats plays an important role in maintaining species diversity in the A. georgei forest at local scale. Our results provide a basis for future research on the mechanisms of community assembly and species coexistence in subalpine cold-temperate coniferous forests.

Key words: Abies georgei, community composition, diameter class structure, floristic composition, habitat association

顾荣, 万嘉敏, 陈明苗, 张彩彩, 林露湘. 云南香格里拉亚高山寒温性针叶林20 hm²动态监测样地物种组成与生境关联[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(4): 1076-1084.

GU Rong, WAN Jiamin, CHEN Mingmiao, ZHANG Caicai, LIN Luxiang. Woody species composition and habitat association of the 20 hm² plot of subalpine cold-temperate coniferous forest in Shangri-La, Yunnan.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(4): 1076-1084.

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云南香格里拉亚高山寒温性针叶林20 hm²动态监测样地物种组成与生境关联

Woody species composition and habitat association of the 20 hm² plot of subalpine cold-temperate coniferous forest in Shangri-La, Yunnan.

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