摇蚊幼虫及霍普水丝蚓的生物扰动缓解福寿螺对梨形环棱螺生理胁迫

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202107.036

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 2164-2174.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202107.036

摇蚊幼虫及霍普水丝蚓的生物扰动缓解福寿螺对梨形环棱螺生理胁迫

刘洺源^1,2,张叶军^1,2*,衡洋¹,陈乃菲^1,2,徐维胤¹,邹伟^1,2

（¹辽宁师范大学生命科学学院，辽宁大连 116081；²辽宁省生物技术与分子药物研发重点实验室，辽宁大连 116081）

出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2021-07-13

The bioturbation from larvae of Chironomussp. andLimnodrilus hoffmeisteri alleviated the physiological stress of native species Bellamya purificata after invasion of Pomacea canali culata.

LIU Ming-yuan^1,2, ZHANG Ye-jun^1,2*, HENG Yang¹, CHEN Nai-fei^1,2, XU Wei-yin¹, ZOU Wei^1,2

(¹School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, Liaoning, China; ²Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Dalian 116081, Liaoning, China).

Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-07-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 福寿螺为16种首批入侵我国的恶性入侵种之一，其直接的取食与竞争作用以及间接的生态干扰均对本土物种的生存与延续造成了严重的不利影响。为了探究本土生物扰动者霍普水丝蚓与摇蚊幼虫是否可缓解福寿螺入侵后对本土近生态位物种梨形环棱螺的生态挤压作用，设置了3组实验，观察福寿螺与梨形环棱螺分隔共养体系中加入霍普水丝蚓与摇蚊幼虫后二者15 d生存率、体质量相对变化率及单螺体质量相对变化率，并观察水体中不同密度、不同分布方式的霍普水丝蚓与摇蚊幼虫对福寿螺入侵后对梨形环棱螺产生胁迫的影响。结果表明：在未加入生物扰动者时，福寿螺的生存率显著高于梨形环棱螺（P<0.05），加入生物扰动者后，福寿螺的生存率显著下降（P<0.05），而梨形环棱螺的生存率显著提高（P<0.05），体质量损失得到显著的改善（P<0.05）；霍普水丝蚓不论何种密度都可使福寿螺的生存率显著降低（P<0.05），而使梨形环棱螺生存率明显提高（P<0.05），在高密度时这种效应最大，使福寿螺生存率显著降低（P<0.01）；从放置方式模拟底栖动物在水体中的分布来看，当霍普水丝蚓均匀分布时，对梨形环棱螺的生存最有利；虽然加入霍普水丝蚓或摇蚊幼虫都有利于梨形环棱螺的生存，并弱化福寿螺的入侵作用，但综合考虑，霍普水丝蚓的效果优于摇蚊幼虫。

关键词: 福寿螺, 梨形环棱螺, 摇蚊幼虫, 霍普水丝蚓, 生物扰动, 入侵机制

Abstract:

Pomacea canaliculata is one of the first 16 vicious invasive species in China. It causes serious adverse effects on the survival and continuation of native species through direct (feeding and competition) and indirect ways (ecological disturbance). In order to explore whether the native bioturbator, such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and larvae of chironomus sp., can alleviate the ecological extrusion of Pomacea canaliculata on the native near niche species,Bellamya purificata, we carried out three experiments. The 15day survival rate, relative change rate of body weight and relative change rate of individual body weight of the two snails were observed after the addition of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteriorlarvae of chironomus sp. in the separated and co-cultured system ofPomacea canaliculataand Bellamya purificata. We examined the effects caused by different density and distribution of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and larvae ofchironomus sp. on the stress of Bellamya purificata after the invasion of Pomacea canaliculata. The results showed that the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculatawas significantly higher than that of Bellamya purificata in the absence of bioturbator, whereas the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata was significantly reduced (P<0.05) and that of Bellamya purificata was significantly increased (P<0.05) after adding bioturbators, with higher body weight loss of Bellamya purificata(P<0.05). Regardless of the density of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, the survival rate ofPomacea canaliculatawas significantly reduced (P<0.05), and that of Bellamya purificata was significantly increased (P<0.05) after adding Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. Such effect was the greatest at high density, which significantly reduced the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata(P<0.01). From the distribution of bioturbator in the water, it was the most favorable for the survival of Bellamya purificatawhen Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was evenly distributed. Although the addition of both Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and larvae of chironomus sp. was beneficial to the survival of Bellamya purificata and weakened the invasive influence of Pomacea canaliculata, the effect of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was better than that of larvae of chironomus sp.

Key words: Pomacea canaliculata, Bellamya purificata, larvae of chironomid, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, bioturbation, invasion mechanism.

刘洺源, 张叶军, 衡洋, 陈乃菲, 徐维胤, 邹伟. 摇蚊幼虫及霍普水丝蚓的生物扰动缓解福寿螺对梨形环棱螺生理胁迫[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(7): 2164-2174.

LIU Ming-yuan, ZHANG Ye-jun, HENG Yang, CHEN Nai-fei, XU Wei-yin, ZOU Wei. The bioturbation from larvae of Chironomussp. andLimnodrilus hoffmeisteri alleviated the physiological stress of native species Bellamya purificata after invasion of Pomacea canali culata.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(7): 2164-2174.

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摇蚊幼虫及霍普水丝蚓的生物扰动缓解福寿螺对梨形环棱螺生理胁迫

The bioturbation from larvae of Chironomussp. andLimnodrilus hoffmeisteri alleviated the physiological stress of native species Bellamya purificata after invasion of Pomacea canali culata.

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