南海典型岛礁的鹦嘴鱼群落结构组成

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202107.029

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 2133-2145.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202107.029

南海典型岛礁的鹦嘴鱼群落结构组成

全秋梅^1,2,王腾^2,3,刘永^2,3,郭家彤^2,4,谢雨芳^1,2,李纯然^2,5,李纯厚^2,3*

(¹上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306； ²中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站，广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室，广州 510300； ³南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)，广州 511458； ⁴浙江海洋大学水产学院，浙江舟山 316022； ⁵华中农业大学水产学院，武汉 430070)

出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2021-07-13

The community structure of parrotfish in typical islands and reefs of the South China Sea.

QUAN Qiu-mei^1,2, WANG Teng^2,3, LIU Yong^2,3, GUO Jia-tong^2,4, XIE Yu-fang^1,2, LI Chun-ran^2,5, LI Chun-hou^2,3*

(¹College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; ²South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; ³Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; ⁴Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, Zhejiang, China; ⁵College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China).

Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-07-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确人类活动对鹦嘴鱼群落结构的扰动作用，可为鹦嘴鱼的保护和开发提供科学依据。根据2020年7月在南海典型岛礁的调查数据显示，共发现鹦嘴鱼4属20种，其中，美济礁和晋卿岛均为14种，海南陵水9种。生物多样性指数(物种多样性指数H、均匀度指数J和丰富度指数D)均呈现美济礁(3.09、0.81、2.50) > 晋卿岛(2.32、0.61、2.27) > 海南陵水(1.66、0.52、1.44)的变化趋势。远海岛礁到近岸人口密度增加和生物多样性指数降低，表明美济礁、晋卿岛和海南陵水受到捕捞强度依次增强。另外，摄食功能群中易受到人类干扰的生物侵蚀类(excavators)鹦嘴鱼的数量和重量百分比依次为美济礁(28.96%、26.27%)> 晋卿岛(15.86%、10.60%) > 海南陵水(1.15%、0.51%)；同样，对过度捕捞敏感的牧食类(browsers)也表现为美济礁(1.64%、0.82%)> 晋卿岛(1.29%、0.76%) > 海南陵水(0、0)，摄食功能群结构组成的空间变化也反映了各区域捕捞压力的差异。进一步将各摄食功能群的鹦嘴鱼体长进行标准化处理后(即体长与Fishbase数据库中对应物种的最大体长的比值)，发现晋卿岛> 美济礁> 海南陵水 (P<0.05)，该结果符合中度干扰假说，中度捕捞能降低物种的种内竞争，有利于晋卿岛的鹦嘴鱼获取更多的空间和食物资源，但长期的过度捕捞容易导致鹦嘴鱼个体减小。

关键词: 鹦嘴鱼, 中度干扰假说, 摄食功能群, 人类扰动

Abstract: Clarifying the effects of human activities on parrotfish can provide scientific basis for the protection and reasonable development of parrotfish resources. We carried out a survey on parrotfish in typical islands and reefs in the South China Sea in July 2020. The results showed that a total of 20 parrotfish species belonging to four genera were recorded. Among those species, 14 species were found in the Meiji reef and Jinqing island, and 9 species were found in Lingshui, Hainan Province. Biodiversity indices (Shannon diversity index (H), Pielou evenness index (J), and Margalef diversity index (D)) were in order of Meiji reef (3.09, 0.81, 2.50) > Jinqing island (2.32, 0.61, 2.27) > Lingshui (1.66, 0.52, 1.44). Human population density increased and biodiversity decreased from offshore islands to nearshore zone, suggesting that fishing intensity was increased from Meiji reef to Jinqing island to Lingshui. In addition, the number and weight percentage of excavators that were susceptible to human disturbance were in order of Meiji reef (28.96%, 26.27%) > Jinqing island (15.86%, 10.60%) > Lingshui (1.15%, 0.51%). The number and weight percentage of browsers that were similarly sensitive to overfishing were also in order of Meiji reef (1.64%, 0.82%) > Jinqing island (1.29%, 0.76%) > Lingshui (0, 0). The spatial variation of the structure composition of feeding functional groups also reflected the difference of fishing pressure in different regions. The standardized body length of parrotfish in each feeding functional group (i.e. the ratio of body length to the maximum length of corresponding species in Fishbase database) showed the order of Jinqing island > Meiji reef > Lingshui (P<0.05), which is consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Moderate fishing can reduce interspecific competition for parrotfish in Jinqing island, leaving more space and food resources for surviving parrotfish, while long-term overfishing tends to reduce the individual size of parrotfish.

Key words: parrotfish, intermediate disturbance hypothesis, feeding functional group, human perturbation.

全秋梅, 王腾, 刘永, 郭家彤, 谢雨芳, 李纯然, 李纯厚. 南海典型岛礁的鹦嘴鱼群落结构组成[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(7): 2133-2145.

QUAN Qiu-mei, WANG Teng, LIU Yong, GUO Jia-tong, XIE Yu-fang, LI Chun-ran, LI Chun-hou. The community structure of parrotfish in typical islands and reefs of the South China Sea.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(7): 2133-2145.

南海典型岛礁的鹦嘴鱼群落结构组成

The community structure of parrotfish in typical islands and reefs of the South China Sea.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价