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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 3471-3481.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202010.028

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南极鱼类耳石微化学研究进展

尉晓英1,2,朱国平1,2,3,4*   

  1. (1上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306; 2上海海洋大学极地研究中心, 上海 201306; 3大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室极地海洋生态系统研究室, 上海 201306;4国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 210306)
  • 出版日期:2020-10-10 发布日期:2021-04-09

Otolith microchemistry in Antarctic fish species: A review.

WEI Xiao-ying1,2, ZHU Guo-ping1,2,3,4*     

  1. (1College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 3Polar Marine Ecosystem Lab, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; 4National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China).
  • Online:2020-10-10 Published:2021-04-09

摘要: 南大洋生态系统的特异性极为显著,栖息在该海域的鱼类资源也存在着较为明显的本地特征以及对极端环境的适应能力。耳石微化学记录了鱼类完整生活史过程,可以揭示鱼类生活史过程中经历的时空变化。利用耳石中微化学元素,可以解决鱼类生态学中,如产卵场和洄游路径推测、生活史过程重建、种群划分等一系列实际问题。随着耳石微化学技术的不断完善,耳石微化学研究在海洋鱼类中的应用越来越广泛。相对于其他海区,目前南大洋鱼类耳石微量元素研究相对较少,仅涉及3科11种鱼类,约占南极鱼类总数的5%,且主要研究集中于商业性价值较高的鱼类,包括小鳞犬牙南极鱼(Dissostichus eleginoides)、鳞头犬齿南极鱼(D. mawsoni)、次南极电灯鱼(Electrona carlsbergi)、南极电灯鱼(E. antarctica)、裘氏鳄头冰鱼(Champsocephalus gunnari)和侧纹南极鱼(Pleuragramma antarcticum)等11种南极鱼类。耳石微化学研究主要集中在鱼类栖息环境重塑、种群划分以及生活史过程重建等三个方面。今后,更为先进的技术,如微计算断层扫描技术以及人工智能等,将为南极鱼类耳石微化学研究提供重要的支撑。考虑到南大洋鱼类多数具有典型的环南极分布特征,可通过耳石微化学技术进一步探究鱼类产卵场推定以及环极连通性等,并进一步阐释南极鱼类的生物环境相互作用,相关工作也将为南大洋鱼类资源的开发利用及有效管理提供支撑信息。

关键词: 南极鱼类, 耳石, 微化学, 生物-物理相互作用

Abstract: Southern Ocean has significant specificity, with remarkable endemicity and adaptation capability of fish to extreme environment in this region. Otolith microchemistry records the whole life history of fish, revealing the temporal and spatial changes of environment experienced by the fish. Analysis of microchemical elements in otoliths can solve a series of practical problems in fish ecology, including spawning ground identification, migration route calculation, life history process reconstruction, and population structure delineation. With the continuous improvement of this technique, it is becoming a good tool for microchemical analysis of marine fish otoliths. The otolith microchemistry of fish species in the Southern Ocean were less understood. Only 3 families and 11 species of fish were analyzed, accounting 5% of total fish species in the Southern Ocean. Those species of Antarctic fish included Dissostichus eleginoides, D. mawsoni, Electrona carlsbergi, E. antarctica, Champsocephalus gunnari and Pleuragramma antarcticum. Related studiesfocused mainly on habitat reconstruction, population delineation and life history process retrospection of fish. New technologies, such as microcomputed tomography scanning and artificial intelligence, will provide important support for otolith microchemical analysis of Antarctic fish species. Considering the typical circumpolar distribution of most fish species in the Southern Ocean, the otolith microchemical technique can be used to explore the natal origin presumption and circumpolar connectivity of fish, which would be a practical promising for elucidating the biophysical interaction of Antarctic fish. This review can provide the underpinning information forexploitation, utilization and effective management of fish resources in the Southern Ocean.

 

Key words: Antarctic fish, otolith, microchemistry, bio-physical interaction.