Table of Content

10 June 1996, Volume 15 Issue 03

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Comparison of the Forests between Nanjing and Lianyungang

Yan Chuanhai

1996, (3):  1-5. 

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In this paper, woody floras, forest types, and characteristics of the climate and soils between Nanjing and Lianyungang were comparatively analysed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1)there were woody plants of 53 families (F), 143 genera (G), 282 species (S) in Nanjing and 50F, 114G, 191 spp in Lianyungang,among which 49F, 106G, 150 stop were found in both areas. The dominent species of the two forests were all deciduous;(2) the forest in Nanjing could be devided into 9 formations and that in Lianyungang into 7 formations. Formation Liquidambar formosana, Formation Quercus variabilis and Formation Quercus acutissima occured in the two areas. The types that didn't exist in Nanjing or in Lianyungang were almost all cultivated ones, such as Formation Pinus massoniana, Formation Pinus thunbergii, Formation Catalpa bungei, etc; (3) winter in Nanjing and Lianyungang was much colder than that in Hanzhong and Ankang which lie on the northern boundary of the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mited forest belt. Lower winter temperature may prevent evergreen broad-leaved trees from growing in these two regions. For above conclusions,the broad-leaved forest in Nanjing could be considered as a type of deciduous forest.

The Comparative Study on the Time Budget and Social Behavior of David's Deer (elaphurus davidinas) from Rutting until post-rutting Season

Jia Zhiyun

1996, (3):  6-10. 

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The time budget and social behavior of David's Deer in post-rutting season were reported and contrasted with those in rutting season. In post-rutting season, the master and adult females spent more time on resting and less time on feeding than bachelor; the feeding behavior of both master and bachelor was defferent in time and space but may coincide with that of adult females; David's Deer herd spent more time on resting, feeding, and drinking and less time on standing and moving than those in rutting season; the herd is prefered hard soil and feeding zone in terms of habitat selection; the affiliative behavior existed among the master and adult females. Artificial selection decreased the frequency of fighting behavior and increased that of homing and territory behavior, which was closedly related to sexual behavior.

Primary Productivity and Nutrients in the Plant Communities of Succession in Southern Subtropical Zone of South China

Guan Dongsheng

1996, (3):  11-14. 

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Grassland,shrubland and forest are plant communities in different phase of succession in southern subtropical zone of South China. Their phytomass, net primary productivity,and nutrients were studied. The results showed that the development of phytomass through positive succession provided a machanism for nutrient uptake and established compartments for nutrient storage in the phytomass. Primary production and its nutrients were also increased through positive succession from grassland to forest. In addition,forest sustained more nutrient supply from litter than the grassland and shrubland and had relatively greater phytomass accumulation ratio and ability to conserve nutrients.

Natural Regeneration of Mongolian Oak Population

Fan Houbao, Zang Renguo, Li Dezhi

1996, (3):  15-20. 

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The mongolian oak (quercus mongolica) population maintains its stability and development through sexual (seed production)/asexual (sprouting) regeneration. The natural regeneration process was revealed by field investigations and experiments. The main environmental factors that influence the sexual and asexual regeneration were discussed by means of multivariate analysis,which exhibited the selective principles of environmental sieve to the established seedlings in different developmental periods.

Cropping System of Black Soil Fertility Improvement in Flat Field of Songnen Plain

Wang Zhanzhe, Han Bingjin

1996, (3):  21-25. 

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Using the method of multiple factors .full dimension, and cross replication fixed experiments, the rotation,fertilization,and tillage system for improving black soil fertility, increasing crop yield, and enhancing benefits were investigated. The results demonstrated that: four crops rotation system taken soybean as center, fertilization system taken manure as the main in combination with inorganic fertilizer,and the tillage system taken rotating plow as focus in combination with harrowing and loosening were the technological system in improving black soil fertility,increasing yield,and enhancing efficiency. The three systems mentioned above formed the cropping system of black soil improvement, which was the efficient approach and guaranteed method to develop high yield,high efficiency,and high quality agriculture in the black soil area at Songnen Plain.

The application of lux(c) marker genes in microbial molecular ecology

Wang Ping, Hu Zhengjia, Li Fudi

1996, (3):  26-34. 

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Microbial molecular ecology, as a new scientific subject, has been developing with the introduction of molecular biology to microbial ecology. In this paper, the mechanism of bioluminescence, the typies of lux(c) genes cloned vectors, the techniques of bioluminescence measurement, and luminescent colony detection for the application of lux(c)marker genes were reviewed. The luminescence-based determining technique could be used in a large scale in microbial molecular ecology and it will play an important role for tracking, determining , and recovering of released bacteria ,especially genetically modified bacteria ,in natural environments. It was demonstrated that this technique was a rapid and economical method with high stability and sensitivity, and strong selectivity.

Fractal Models and Their Ecological Applications

Chang Xueli, Wu Jianguo

1996, (3):  35-42. 

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As an effective tool in describing and explaining the spatial complexity of objects and their patterns in nature, fraetal models recently have received increasing attention. Especially in studies of patchiness and landscape ecology, fractal analysis has shown a considerable potenial. This paper was intended to introduce the concepts and methods of calculation for exact and statistical fractals, as well as the modified fractal dimension analysis, with examples of their applications in ecology. We focused on the methods of changing measurement scales, grid-based counting, perimeter-area relationship, and density-based fractal dimension. In addition, a comparative evaluation was given for these different methods.

Natural Disturbance and Dynamics of Forest Canopy Gap

Ban Yong

1996, (3):  43-49. 

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Natural disturbance is a major force for forest community development. Thecanopy gap dynamics of forest disturbed will go through gap phase, building phase and mature phase. After the basic theory of forest dynamics and the natural disturbance regime including intensity and frequency, and its geographic difference are discussed, the forest canopy dynamics from gap formation to gap closure together with the size and form of gap and the environment and resources changing are reviewed.

Minimum Viable Population —— A Basic Theory of Conservation Biology Ⅱ. The Processes of Species Extinction and Minimum Viable Population (Population Vulnerability Analysis PVA)

Xu Hongfa, Lu Houji

1996, (3):  50-55,20. 

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Species extinction is a system phenomenon, involving the interaction of processes and states. Population vulnerability analysis (PVA) is a new technique to predict the processes of species extinction by analyzing demorgraphic, environmental, genetic stochasticity and natural catastrophic effects on the population and its goal is to establish a minimum viable population.

A Review of Pesticide Effects on Ectomycorrhizae

Luan Qingshu, Wang Jinghe, Song Jianwei

1996, (3):  56-63. 

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This paper discussed the historical process of pesticide effects on ectomycorrhizae ,introduced two major ways of ectomycorrhizae affected by pesticides, and pointed out the agricultural chemical effects on ectomycorrhizal morphology. It also summarized effects of pesticides on ectomycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizae.

Effects of Slash-and-Burn Cultivation on the Soil Microorganisms and Soil Fertility

Zhang Ping

1996, (3):  64-67. 

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In southern areas of Yunnan, slash-and-burn cultivation have damaged tropical rain forest and environment. We investigated soil microorganisms and soil fertility of recently burned areas and plots in different regeneration years at Bubon vaUage,Mengla county in Xishuangbanna. The aim was to explore degradation and recovery process of soils after forest being burned and to show the impact of burning on forest, the results were as follows: 1. The amount of microorganisms and soil fertility in 0～60cm depth of recently burned soils were higher than that in unburned soils. Except for fungi,the amount of microorganisms in surface soils(0～10cm)recently burned was higher than that of tropical rain forest,but in soils of 10～60cm depth ,it was lower than that of tropical rain forest. 2. The amount of microorganisms and soil fertility were decreased remarkably from recently burned soils to the area regenerated for a year. The amount of bacteria was decreased the largest in microorganisms. 3. The amount of soil microorganisms and soil fertility in the plot regenerated for five years were the lowest among the soils investigated ,but it was close to that of tropical rain forest after 15 years of regeneration. 4. After burning, the amount of microorganisms was decreased with the increase of soil depth(0～60cm).

A Sampling Method in Measuring Forest Soil Bulk Density

Wang Qingli, Dai Limin, Xu Guangshan

1996, (3):  68-69. 

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The paper introduced a method in measuring forest soil bulk density to Chinese forest ecologists. The method has some obvious advantages in solving problems presented when using other method commonly employed in agricultural soil studies and is worthful to apply in forest soil studies.

Soil Fertility of Warped Farmland and its Ameliorative Measures after Flood in Shengyang Region

Lu Mingyuan, Yang Yulan, Guo Xiuyin, Liang Wenju, Liu Huanran, Li Ying, Li fang, Wang Yongbao

1996, (3):  70-72. 

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From July to August, 1995, the biggest flooding in the a century occared in Shenyang region and thousands ha of farmland was damaged or warped. Average thickness of silting layer ranged from 20 to 40 cm. The contents of total N,total P, available N, available P, and available K within 0～60cm of warped farmland increased distictly. The micronutrient contents of B, Cu, Zn,Fe, and Mn increased by 200%～600%, and did not exceed the standard. Except that the bulk density of soil was on the high side and unsuitable for crop growth, other soil physical properties changed very little. If the requiste ameliorative measures are taken, the soil fertility of warped farmland would be superior to that of the normal farmland.