Differences of time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

Abstract

Abstract: Time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger were studied at Harbin Zoo and Heilongjiang Amur tiger Park located in Harbin respectively from March 1998 to April 2001. All occurrence recording, instantaneous and scanning sampling and focal animal sampling methods were employed. Behaviors of each tiger were recorded every 5 minutes in each observation day. Six types of behavior were identified for the animals, i.e., moving, resting, eating, standing, and other behaviors during the study. Amur tiger spent more time in resting behaviors in captivity than those in semi-free situation. However, Amur tiger spent less time in eating, standing and other behaviors. Whether in captivity or semi-free situation, Amur tiger spent similar time in moving behaviors.Both captive and semi-free Amur tiger had two activity peak periods in one day.The peak periods in captivity centered on a narrow range and varied greatly. There was one significant resting peak periods and two uncertain peak periods in semi-free Amur tiger, while only one peak periods in captive Amur tiger. Eating behaviors of captive Amur tiger only occurred from 16:00 to 17:00. Conversely, semi-free Amur tiger had intermittent eating behaviors that occurred two peaks periods from 9:00 to 11:00 and from 14:00 to 16:00 during one day. Standing and other behaviors in captivity and semi-free environment were similar. Tigers in different environment showed stronger significant differences in time that was spent on resting, eating, standing and other behaviors (P<0.001).

Key words: Hippophae rhamnoides, VA mycorrhizae, Frankia, Symbiosis, Pot culture

CLC Number:

Q958

LIU Zhensheng, TENG Liwei, LI Feng, BI Xiaofeng, WANG Ping . Differences of time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)[J]. cje, 2004, (1): 20-23.

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