Abstract: Hydropower projects obstruct fish migration and prevent gene exchange. Fish passage facilities are the primary means of mitigating such adverse impacts. Understanding fish behaviors, including swimming performance and tropism, is important for the design of fish passage facilities. We reviewed the concepts of swimming performance and tropism, research approaches and influencing factors (such as flow velocity, flow field, and temperature). Key research results on swimming performance and tropism are summarized and the application of fish swimming behaviors to fish passage facility design is discussed. Four critical issues are addressed: (1) Fish behaviors in complex flow fields should be considered in depth because of the complexity of flow fields in fish passages. (2) Exercise training can improve fish swimming performance and thus could be used to increase the success rate of fish passage. (3) Swimming performance variesamong species. New and innovative designs are required to increase the number of species able to utilize a fish passage facility. (4) Different methods have been used to study fish behaviors, with results being difficult to compare. Hence, research administrators, with input from experts, should formulate criteria and guidance for standardizing fish behavior research.

Key words: Logistic, bay city, land use, ecosystem service, CA-Markov, scenarios simulation