Zero-plane displacement and roughness length of the mixed forest of broad-leaved and Korean-pine in Changbai Mountain

Abstract

Abstract: Based on logarithm law of wind profile under neutral stratification,zero-plane displacement d and roughness length z₀ of the mixed forest of broad-leaved and Korean-pine in Changbai Mountain were calculated with Newton iteration according to the 16 months profile measurements of wind speed,air temperature,humidity and pressure.The results showed that d and z₀ had obvious seasonal variation.In growing season was relatively high and z₀ was lower.Normalized values,d/h and z₀/h,were in the magnitude of 0.867,0.764 and 4.47?10^-2,3.59?10^-2 in growing season and dormant season, respectively. d/h and z₀/h were positively and negatively correlated with leaf area indexes of the forest.Sensitive analysis showed that the iteration approach of calculating d and z₀ demanded high precision measurements of wind speed in the profiles.This work should be based on the long term measurements with high-precision instruments.

Key words: Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment, Soil microbes

CLC Number:

S716

ZHAO Xiaosong, GUAN Dexin, WU Jiabing, JIN Changjie, HAN Shijie. Zero-plane displacement and roughness length of the mixed forest of broad-leaved and Korean-pine in Changbai Mountain[J]. cje, 2004, (5): 84-88,115.

References

[1] 刘和平,刘树华,朱廷曜,等.1997.森林冠层空气动力学参数的确定[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),33(4):522～528.
[2] 关德新,朱廷曜,金昌杰.1999.中性温度层结时森林郁闭度与林冠上风速廓线的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,19(1):26～30.
[3] Businger JA. 1974. Aerodynamics of vegetated surfaces [ M ].Scripta, Wash. DC: Proc. Sem. on Heat and Mass Transfer in the Environment of Vegetation(Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia), 139～165.
[4] Counihan J. 1971. Wind tunnel determination of the roughness length as a function of the fetch and the roughness density of three-dimensional roughness elements [ J ]. Atmos. Environ., 5:637～642.
[5] De Bruin HAR, Verhoef A. 1997. A new method to determine the zero-plane displacement[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 82:159～164.
[6] Dolman AJ. 1986. Estimates of roughness length and zero plane displacement for a foliated and non-foliated oak canopy[J]. Agric. For. Meteorol., 36: 241～248.
[7] Hussain M, Lee BE. 1980. A wind tunnel study of the mean pressure forces acting on large groups of low-rise buildings [ J ]. J.Wind Engin. Industr. Aerodyn., 6: 207～225.
[8] Iqbal M, Khatry A, Seguin B. 1977. A study of the roughness effects of multiple windbreaks [ J ]. Boundary-Layer Meteorol.,11:187～203.
[9] Jackson PS. 1981. On the displacement height in the logarithmic velocity profile[ J ]. J. Fluid. Mech., 111:15～25.
[10] Jarvis PG, James GB, Landsberg JJ. 1976. Coniferous forest[A].In: Monteith JL, ed. Vegetation and the Atmosphere. Vol. 2[C]. London: Academic Press, 171 ～240.
[11] Kimura R, Otsuki K, Kamichika M. 1999. Relationships between the zero-plane displacement and the roughness length over sorghum and alfalfa canopies[J]. J. Agric. Meteorol., 55:15～24.
[12] Kondo J. 1971. Relationship between the roughness coefficient and other parameters[ J]. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jap., 49:121～124.
[13] Leonard RE, Federer CA. 1973. Estimated and measured roughness parameters for a pine forest [ J ]. J. Appl. Meteorol., 12:302～307.
[14] Lettau HH. 1969. Note on aerodynamic roughness-parameter estimation on the basis of roughness-element description [J]. J.Appl.Meteorol.,8:828～832.
[15] Malek E. 1993. Comparison of the Bowen ration-energy balance and stability-corrected aerodynamic methods for measurement of evapotranspiration[ J ]. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 48:167～178.
[16] Marshall JK. 1971. Drag measurements in roughness arrays of varying density and distribution [ J ]. Agric. Meteorol., 8:269 ～292.
[17] Monteith JL, Unsworth MH. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics[ M ]. London: Edward Arnold.
[18] Saito T, Nagai Y, Isobe S, et al. 1970. An investigation of turbulence within a crop canopy[J]. J. Agric. Meteorol., 25:205 ～214.
[19] Seginer I. 1974. Aerodynamic roughness of vegetated surfaces[ J ]. Boumdary-Layer Meteorol., 5: 383～393.
[20] Shaw RH, Pereira AR. 1982. Aerodynamic roughness of a plant canopy: a numerical experiment [ J ]. Agric . Meteorol . , 26 : 51 ～65.
[21] Takagi K, Miyata A, Harazono Y, et al. 2003. An alternative approach to determining zero-plane displacement, and its application toa lotus paddy field[J]. Agric. For. Meteorol., 115:173 ～181.
[22] Watanabe T, Kondo J. 1990. The influence of canopy structure and density upon the mixing length within and above vegetation[ J ]. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jap., 68:227～235.
[23] Wieringa J. 1993. Representative roughness parameters for homngeneous terrain [ J ]. Boundary-Layer Meteorol . , 63: 325 ～363.
[24] Wooding RA, Bradley EF, Marshal JK. 1973. Drag due to regular arrays of roughness elements of varying geometry[J]. BoudaryLayer Meteorol., 5:285～308.