欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

营养生长期低温持续时间与水稻生长恢复的关系

陶乐圆1,刘智蕾1,刘婷婷1,于彩莲2,王伟1,李奕1,彭显龙1*   

  1. 1东北农业大学, 哈尔滨 150030;2哈尔滨理工大学, 哈尔滨 150040)
  • 出版日期:2018-12-10 发布日期:2018-12-10

The relationship between low temperature duration and growth recovery of rice during the vegetative growth stage.

TAO Le-yuan1, LIU Zhi-lei1, LIU Ting-ting1, YU Cai-lian2, WANG Wei1, LI Yi1, PENG Xian-long1*   

  1. (1Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; 2Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China).
  • Online:2018-12-10 Published:2018-12-10

摘要: 营养生长期低温抑制水稻生长,但这种抑制是低温的直接作用还是生育期延长造成的结果,目前尚不明晰,明确以上问题对于采取针对性措施减轻低温危害具有重要意义。本研究采用水培试验,设置不同低温持续时间(15 ℃下5、10、15 d)与施氮(40和80 mg·L-1)处理,分析不同抗性水稻品种的干重、氮积累与生育期的变化。结果表明,低温抑制水稻干物质与氮素积累,且持续时间越久抑制作用越大。恢复正常温度培养至10.5叶龄期时,低温持续时间少于5 d对生育进程影响较小,低温持续时间大于10 d时延迟水稻生育期3~6 d;低温后干物重基本能够恢复至正常水平,增施供氮对干物质积累影响不显著。低温持续时间少于5 d时,低温敏感品种氮积累较常温低12.25%(P<0.05),增加供氮促进氮积累的恢复;抗性强品种氮积累受温度影响较小。低温持续时间大于10 d时,无论是抗性强还是弱的品种,给予足够的生长时间后,氮积累均能恢复至正常水平,增加供氮显著促进氮积累。因此,营养生长期低温对水稻生长的影响主要是由于生育期延迟导致的,生产中可选择熟期稍短的抗性品种,这对于增强水稻低温抗性具有重要意义。

关键词: 生物多样性, 根瘤, 耐除草剂转基因大豆, 病害, 杂草, 节肢动物

Abstract: Low temperature during vegetative stage would inhibit rice growth. It is still not clear whether such an inhibition is caused by direct action of low temperature or the result of prolonging growth period. Therefore, it is of great significance to answer this question for taking targeted measures to reduce damage induced by low temperature. Here, a water culture experiment was conducted with different low temperature durations (5, 10, 15 d at 15 ℃ and nitrogen application levels (40 and 80 mg·L-1), to examine the changes of rice dry weight, nitrogen accumulation and growth period length. Results showed that low temperature inhibited the accumulation of dry weight and nitrogen. The longer low temperature lasted, the stronger impact it would have. When the temperature was recovered to normal level at the 10.5leaf age, the duration less than 5 d did not affect the growth period of rice, but theduration longer than 10 d delayed the growth period for 3-6 d. The dry matter weight could recover to normal level. Nitrogen application did not have significant effect on dry matter accumulation. When the duration was less than 5 d, nitrogen accumulation of the temperaturesensitive variety was 12.25% lower than that at the normal temperature, and nitrogen application could promote nitrogen uptake. However, the low temperature had limited effect on temperatureinsensitive varieties. Both the temperaturesensitive varieties and the insensitive ones could recover the nitrogen accumulation to normal level when the duration was longer than 10 d, and increased nitrogen application promoted nitrogen uptake significantly. Therefore, the effect of low temperature at vegetative stage on rice growth is mainly due to the delay of growth period. Resistant varieties with shorter growth period should be selected in practice, which has important significance in enhancing low temperature resistance of rice.

Key words: biodiversity, nodule, herbicide-resistant transgenic soybean, disease, weed, arthropod