Water is one of the crucial natural resources for human survival and social development. The rational and efficient utilization of water is strategically significant for sustainable development of human beings. At present, many structural factors affect water utilization at urban and national scales. Based on Duncan’s ecological complex (POET) model and the multipleregression analysis method, we investigated the effects of the structural factors of water resourcesutilization on the total amount and intensity of water consumption in Chongqing City, in terms of different dimensions of population, social organization, environment and technology. The results showed that in terms of population dimension, the growth of total population and the proportion of population aged 15-64 years in the total population promoted the increase of the total amount and intensity of water utilization in Chongqing. In terms of social organization dimension, the increases of urbanization rate and the proportion of secondary industry GDP accelerated the increase of the total amount and intensity of water utilization. However, the increases of per capita GDPreduced both parameters. From the aspect of environment dimension, the growth of the ratio of actual use of foreign investment to GDP increased the total amount and intensity of water utilization of Chongqing, while rising water price helped control water consumption and decrease theintensity of water utilization. Finally, the increase of the sewage treatment rate reduced the total amount and intensity of water utilization in terms of the technical dimension.