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高粱不同连作年限对其根系分泌物组成和化感物质含量的影响

李光1,2,白文斌1,2*,任爱霞3   

  1. 1高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室, 山西晋中 030600; 2山西农业科学院高粱研究所, 山西晋中 030600;3山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801)
  • 出版日期:2017-12-10 发布日期:2017-12-10

Effects of continuous cropping duration of sorghum on components of root exudates and contents of allelochemicals.

LI Guang1,2, BAI Wen-bin1,2*,  REN Ai-xia3#br#   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China; 2Sorghum Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China; 3College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China).
  • Online:2017-12-10 Published:2017-12-10

摘要: 为探明高粱不同连作年限对其根系分泌物组分和化感物质含量的影响,本研究在高粱研究所东白基地开展,采用土培桶栽法种植,采用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯两种不同极性溶剂提取根系分泌物,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS) 定性、定量鉴定,明确不同连作年限高粱根系分泌物组分和含量及其与产量的关系,为该区高粱连作障碍机理和高粱种植的可持续发展提供了理论参考依据。结果表明:两种不同极性溶剂提取的高粱根系分泌物均含有烷烃、醇、酯、苯、酮、醛类化合物,二氯甲烷提取物含21种共同根系分泌物;乙酸乙酯提取物与二氯甲烷提取物相比,检测出35种不同根系分泌物;随连作年限增加,根系分泌物种类和相对含量先增加后降低,连作4年达峰值,且连作4年与连作12年处理间差异不显著;随连作年限增加,烃类化合物相对含量先升高后降低,连作3年达峰值;酯类化合物相对含量逐渐增加,增加幅度为3.43%~40.13%;苯类、酮类和醛类化合物相对含量均先降低后升高;化感物质定量分析显示,随连作年限增加,正十八烷含量先升高后降低,而乙基苯和乙酸乙酯均逐渐增加;最终,连作2年对产量的影响不显著,连作3年、4年和12年时高粱生长明显受到抑制,穗长、枝梗数、千粒重、单株产量和单株干物质量降低,产量降低2%~41%。相关关系显示:乙基苯、乙酸丁酯与穗长、枝梗数、千粒重、单株产量和单株干物质量呈显著负相关,尤其是枝梗数;总之,连作高粱显著影响高粱根系分泌物种类和相对含量,显著增加抑制类化感物质乙基苯和乙酸乙酯含量,从而显著降低产量。

关键词: 冠层结构, 松栎混交林, 群落特征, 林下光因子

Abstract: A study was carried out to explore the composition of root exudates and the content of allelochemicals of sorghum root system in different continuous cropping durations. The sorghum was planted in buckets with the method of soil cultivation. Root exudates of sorghum in different continuous cropping years were extracted using two types of polar solvents, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate, and quantitatively identified with GC-MS, to clarify the composition and content of sorghum root exudates in different continuous cropping years and their relationship with crop yield, providing reference for the mechanism of continuous cropping obstruction and the sustainable development of sorghum planting. The results showed that the sorghum root exudates extracted by the two types of polar solvent contained alkane, alcohol, ester, benzene, ketone, aldehyde, while methylene chloride extracts contained 21 kinds of common root exudates, and the extracts of ethyl acetate contained 35 different types of root exudates. With increasing continuous cropping duration, the type number and relative content of root exudates increased first, peaked at 4 years of continuous cropping and decreased slightly thereafter, while the difference between the 4 years and 12 years of continuous cropping was insignificant. With increasing continuous cropping years, the relative content of hydrocarbon compounds increased first, peaked at 3 years of continuous cropping and decreased thereafter; the relative content of ester compounds increased gradually, with increasing amplitudes of 3.43%-40.13%. The relative contents of benzene, tone, and aldehyde all decreased first and increased thereafter. The quantitative analysis results of allelochemicals showed that, with increasing continuous cropping duration, the content of n-octadecane increased first and then decreased, and the contents of ethylbenzene and butyl acetate increased continuously. Furthermore, crop yield was not impacted by 2 years of continuous cropping, but the growth of sorghum was restrained notably at 3, 4, 12 years of continuous cropping: the ear length, branch number, thousand kernel weight, yield of single plant and the dry matter of single plant all decreased, among which the yield decreased by 2%-41%. Correlation analysis showed that ethylbenzene and butyl acetate contents negatively correlated with ear length, branch number, thousand kernel weight, yield of single plant, and dry matter of single plant, especially for branch number. In conclusion, the continuous cropping sorghum significantly influenced the types and contents of sorghum root exudates, increased the contents of ethylbenzene and butyl acetate (two types of inhibiting allelochemicals), and hence reduced the yield significantly.

Key words: canopy structure, understory light factor., community characteristics, pine-oak mixed forest