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辽西半干旱区浅埋式滴灌对春玉米耗水特性及产量的影响

郭金路1,2,谷健1,尹光华1*,李雪1,2#br#   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2017-09-10 发布日期:2017-09-10

Effect of shallowburied drip irrigation on water consumption characteristics and yield of spring maize in semiarid region of western Liaoning.

GUO Jin-lu1,2, GU Jian1, YIN Guang-hua1*, LI Xue1,2#br#   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016,  China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,  China).
  • Online:2017-09-10 Published:2017-09-10

摘要: 通过在辽西半干旱区开展遮雨棚微区控制灌溉试验,分析了浅埋式滴灌不同灌溉定额对春玉米耗水特性、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:浅埋式滴灌玉米生育期耗水量呈波动变化趋势,在拔节抽穗和灌浆收获期阶段耗水量较大,阶段耗水强度较大值出现在拔节抽穗和抽穗灌浆期;随着灌溉定额的增加,不同处理间籽粒产量显著提高,产量构成要素中百粒重和穗粒数的显著增加是籽粒产量提高的主要原因;与常规沟灌对照相比,浅埋式滴灌灌溉定额为2908.0 m3·hm-2时,较常规沟灌节水30%,籽粒产量仅下降了3.4%,而水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率显著提高,分别提高了22.1%和27.5%;籽粒产量与灌溉定额之间呈二次型抛物线关系,当灌溉定额小于3816.4 m3·hm-2时,籽粒产量随灌溉定额的增加而显著增加,直至达到最大产量12161.9 kg·hm-2;当大于3816.4 m3·hm-2后,随着灌溉定额的增加籽粒产量有所降低。综合考虑产量、水分利用效率及灌溉水利用效率等因素,推荐辽西半干旱地区浅埋式滴灌适宜的灌溉定额范围为2908.0~3816.4 m3·hm-2

关键词: 生态环境质量, 南瓮河自然保护区, 主成分分析, 遥感生态指数

Abstract: A microplot field experiment with automatic rain shelter was carried out to study the effect of irrigation quota on water consumption characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize by shallowburied drip irrigation (SDI) in a semiarid region of western Liaoning. The results showed that the water consumption of maize under SDI displayed a fluctuating trend during the whole growth period. The water consumption was larger during the jointing to heading and filling to harvesting stages, and a larger water consumption intensity was observed at the jointing to heading and heading to filling stages. With the increase of irrigation quota, the grain yield of different treatments increased; the increase of 100grain weight and grains per spike were the main reasons for the increase of grain yield. Compared with the conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), SDI with an irrigation quota of 2908.0 m3·hm-2 reduced the irrigation amount by 30%, the grain yield decreased by only 3.4% (no significant difference), but the water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased by 22.1% and 27.5%, respectively. There was a quadratic parabola relationship between grain yield and irrigation quota. When the irrigation quota was less than 3816.4 m3·hm-2, the grain yield increased with irrigation quota until the maximum yield 12161.9 kg·hm-2. However, the grain yield decreased as irrigation quota over 3816.4 m3·hm-2. With a comprehensive consideration of grain yield, WUE and IWUE, a SDI irrigation quota of 2908.0-3816.4 m3·hm-2 would be appropriate in the semiarid region of western Liaoning.

Key words: eco-environmental quality, remote sensing ecological index, principal component ana-lysis, Nanweng River Nature Reserve