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狼尾草属植物生物学特性、生态适应性、观赏性和入侵风险关系的探讨

陈超1,2,袁小环1,2,滕文军1,2,杨学军1,2,武菊英1,2*#br#   

  1. 1北京草业与环境研究发展中心, 北京 100097; 2农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室, 北京 100097)
  • 出版日期:2017-02-10 发布日期:2017-02-10

Biological characteristics, ecological adaptability, ornamentality, and invasion risk of Pennisetum species.

CHEN Chao1,2, YUAN Xiao-huan1,2, TENG Wen-jun1,2, YANG Xue-jun1,2, WU Ju-ying1,2*#br#   

  1. (1 Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing 100097, China; 2Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China).
  • Online:2017-02-10 Published:2017-02-10

摘要: 通过大田观测对12种狼尾草属植物的繁殖能力、生态适应性和观赏性进行评价,并结合资料调研,采用2种风险评估体系,即中欧风险评估体系(WG-WRA)和澳大利亚(或新西兰)杂草风险评估体系(WRA),对其进行风险评估。结果表明:2种风险评估有较为相似的结果,50%以上的种类(包括品种)其入侵分值超过20分,具有中度Ⅱ及中度以上入侵风险;其中,狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)具有非常高的入侵风险,入侵等级为高度风险Ⅲ,2种风险评估分值分别为32分和29分。相关性分析表明:狼尾草属植物对环境的适应能力对其入侵风险具有重要贡献,适应性广、抗逆性强(抗寒性、抗旱性、抗病虫害)的种类其入侵风险更高;狼尾草属植物的有性繁殖能力和入侵风险也具有明显的正相关关系。种子产量高的种类其入侵风险较高,例如狼尾草;种子产量较低的种类其入侵风险相对较低,例如绒毛狼尾草(P. villosum)和东方狼尾草(P. orientale)。本研究表明,狼尾草属植物的观赏性和其入侵风险呈现负相关趋势。

Abstract: With a field survey, we compared reproductive capacity, ecological adaptability and ornamental value of 12 Pennisetum species. Combined with available literature, we assessed the potential invasion risk for Pennisetum species using the Australia or New Zealand (WRA) weed risk assessment system and risk assessment system in central Europe (WG-WRA). The results showed that two risk assessment protocols had similar results. More than 50% of all species (including cultivars) had at least a moderate invasion risk (scores of more than 20 points), whereas P. alopecuroides had a high risk (32 and 29 points by the two protocols, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that Pennisetum species had a positive relationship between environmental adaptability and invasion risk, and presented a high risk of invasion with wide adaptability and strong resistance (cold resistance, drought resistance, disease and insect resistance). In addition, sexual reproductive capacity had a positive correlation with invasion risk. Higher seed yield meant a higher invasion risk for species, such as P. alopecuroides, while Pennisetum species with low seed production presented a less invasion risk, such as P. villosum and P. orientale. However, invasion risk of Pennisetum species was negatively correlated with the ornamental value.