基于GIS和USLE的伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀敏感性评价

生态学杂志

基于GIS和USLE的伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀敏感性评价

李大龙^1,2,杨井^1*,李卫红¹,朱成刚^1

(¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011； 2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049)

出版日期:2016-04-10 发布日期:2016-04-10

Evaluating the sensitivity of soil erosion in the Yili River valley based on GIS and USLE.

LI Da-long^1,2, YANG Jing^1*, LI Wei-hong¹, ZHU Cheng-gang^1

(¹State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China; ^2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).

Online:2016-04-10 Published:2016-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 伊犁河谷是新疆重要的农牧业生产基地，水土流失是该地区最为严重的生态环境问题之一。本文以通用土壤流失方程USLE为计算模型，借助ArcGIS空间分析功能，选取降雨、植被、土壤、地形因子，并对方程中的可变因子降雨、植被进行季节区分，对伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀敏感性进行综合评价。受可变因子的影响，研究区土壤侵蚀敏感性在季节尺度上差异显著，主要表现为：伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀春季最敏感，秋季次之，夏季土壤侵蚀以轻度敏感为主；土壤侵蚀高敏感地区所占面积随季节推进逐渐缩减，春季、夏季、秋季，所占面积比例分别为32.2%、6.1%、6.0%；空间上，土壤侵蚀轻度敏感地区主要分布在河谷盆地及平原地区，中度、高度敏感地区集中分布在山前坡地，以及海拔1500 m以上、坡度20°左右的山区；在可变因子中，植被因子对土壤侵蚀敏感性的影响程度大于降雨因子。

关键词: 比根呼吸, 细根, 非结构性碳水化合物, 隔离降水

Abstract: The Yili River valley is an important production base of agriculture and animal husbandry in Xinjiang. Recently, soil loss is a significant ecological environment problem in this region. Based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS, this study evaluated the temporal and spatial characteristics of soil erosion sensitivity according to selected factors (i.e. precipitation, vegetation cover, soil, slope, slope length) in the valley, with the factors of precipitation and vegetation being discriminated in different seasons. The results showed that in the study area, the soil erosion was most sensitive in spring, followed by autumn, while it was only slightly sensitive in summer and in the whole year. The total area of soil erosion with high sensitivity had a significant seasonal difference. It was largest in spring (32.2% of the total area), while only 6.1% in summer, and slightly less in autumn than in summer. Spatially, soil erosion area of low sensitivity was mainly distributed in plain area of the valley, while the area of medium and high sensitivity was mainly in the steep field, and in mountain area with elevation above 1500 m and slope about 20°. Furthermore, the influence of vegetation factor on soil erosion was greater than that of precipitation factor.

Key words: specific root respiration, fine root, precipitation exclusion, nonstructural carbohydrate

李大龙1,2,杨井1*,李卫红1,朱成刚1. 基于GIS和USLE的伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J]. 生态学杂志.

LI Da-long1,2, YANG Jing1*, LI Wei-hong1, ZHU Cheng-gang1. Evaluating the sensitivity of soil erosion in the Yili River valley based on GIS and USLE.[J]. cje.

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