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自由空气中CO2浓度和温度增高对粳稻叶片光合作用日变化的影响

周宁1,2,沈士博1,景立权1,王云霞3,朱建国4,杨连新1*,王余龙1*#br#   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009; 2江苏食品药品职业技术学院, 江苏淮安 223003; 3扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225009; 4中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008)
  • 出版日期:2016-09-10 发布日期:2016-09-10

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on diurnal courses of photosynthesis in leaves of Japonica rice.

ZHOU Ning1,2, SHEN Shi-bo1, JING Li-quan1, WANG Yun-xia3, ZHU Jian-guo4, YANG Lian-xin1*, WANG Yu-long1*#br#   

  1. (1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Juangsu, China; 2 Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, Juangsu, China; 3 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Juangsu, China; 4State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China).
  • Online:2016-09-10 Published:2016-09-10

摘要: 利用中国稻田开放式空气CO2浓度增高系统(free air CO2 enrichment, FACE),以常规粳稻“武运粳23”为试验材料,设置两个CO2浓度(环境和高CO2浓度)和两个气温水平(环境温度和高温),测定水稻移栽后61、75、92、109和118 d不同时刻(09:00、11:00、13:00、15:00和17:00)叶片的光合作用,研究增高的CO2浓度和温度及其互作对大田生长水稻光合作用日变化的影响。结果表明:大气CO2浓度增高200 μmol·mol-1使移栽后61 d各时刻净光合速率(Pn)和水分利用效率(WUE)均大幅增加(约40%),但随生育进程推移增幅明显变小,至灌浆末期接近对照水平;高CO2浓度使移栽后75、92和109 d不同时刻气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)多呈一致的下降趋势,最高降幅分别为14%和5%;高CO2浓度对水稻生长前期叶片胞间与周围空气CO2浓度之比(Ci/Ca)和气孔限制值(Ls)多无显著影响,但使最后3个测定时期Ci/Ca明显增加(4%~8%),Ls因此大幅下降(10%~27%);大田生长期平均增温1 ℃使水稻生长前期各时刻叶片Pn、Gs、Tr和WUE多呈增加趋势,但至生长末期多呈相反趋势;大气CO2浓度和温度增高对移栽后61 d叶片Pn有微弱的正向互作,但对其他时期以及对其他光合参数多无交互作用。综上所述,大气CO2浓度增高200 μmol·mol-1对常规粳稻“武运粳23”光合参数的影响明显大于增温1 ℃;两种生长温度下CO2熏蒸水稻均表现出明显的光合适应现象。

关键词: 控失尿素, 水稻, 氨挥发, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract: A widely cultivated inbred Japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) Wuyunjing 23 was grown at two levels of CO2 (ambient and elevated CO2 concentration) and two temperature regimes (ambient and elevated temperature) by using a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology. The diurnal courses (i.e., at 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00 and 17:00) of leaf photosynthesis at different growth stages of rice were measured, namely 61, 75, 92, 109 and 118 days after transplanting (DAT). Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of rice on 61 DAT increased nearly 40% by elevated CO2 concentration (200 μmol·mol-1 more than ambient CO2). The increment significantly decreased with the advance of the growth stages, and even disappeared at the late grainfilling stage. A consistent trend of decrease was detected on stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) at different time points on 75, 92 and 109 DAT under elevated CO2 concentration, and the greatest reduction reached 14% and 5% for Gs and Tr, respectively. Elevated CO2 concentration had no significant effect on the ratio of intercellular to air CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca) and stomatal limitation value (Ls) during the early rice growth season, but significantly increased Ci/Ca at the last three growth stages in the range of 4%-8%, resulting in decreases in Ls in the range of 10%-27%. Average temperature increase of 1 ℃ had a positive effect on Pn, Gs, Tr and WUE at the early rice growth stages, but negative effects were found at the late grain filling stages. No clear CO2 by temperature interaction was detected for most of the measured photosynthetic traits except Pn on 61 DAT. The above results suggested that the elevated atmospheric CO2 level had a greater effect than the elevated temperature on photosynthetic parameters of Wuyunjing 23. The elevated CO2 induced photosynthetic down-regulation on rice was observed at two temperature regimes.

Key words: N utilization efficiency., rice, ammonia volatilization, loss-controlled urea