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调亏灌溉和生物炭对大豆生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响

李明阳1,王丽学1*,姜展博1,姜熙2,3,孟维忠2,3   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学水利学院, 沈阳 110161;2辽宁省水利水电科学研究院有限责任公司, 沈阳 110003;3辽宁江河水利水电新技术设计研究院有限公司, 沈阳 110003)
  • 出版日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-10

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and biochar application on growth, yield and water use efficiency of soybean.

LI Ming-yang1, WANG Li-xue1*, JIANG Zhan-bo1, JIANG Xi2,3, MENG Wei-zhong2,3   

  1. (1College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China; 2 Liaoning Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110003, China; 3Liaoning River Water Conservancy and Hydropower New Technology Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110003, China).
  • Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-10

摘要: 为了解生物炭及调亏灌溉对大豆的影响,以大豆“开育12号”为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,利用盆栽栽培条件,研究不同生物炭添加量B0(0 t·hm-2)、B1(6 t·hm-2)、B2(12 t·hm-2)和不同程度调亏灌溉W1(充分灌溉,70%田间持水量)、W2(轻度调亏,55%~60%田间持水量)、W3(重度调亏,45%~50%田间持水量)对大豆生长、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明:轻度调亏灌溉不会影响大豆叶面积指数及地下部分干物质累积量,而大豆叶面积指数和地下部分干物质累积量随着生物炭使用量的增加而增加;地上部分干物质累积量随着调亏程度的加重而降低,而生物炭施用量为12 t·hm-2时,才会提高地上部分干物质累积量。调亏灌溉和生物炭均能影响大豆的耗水量,其中耗水量随着调亏程度的加剧而减少,而添加6 t·hm-2生物炭耗水量最高,但有利于产量的形成。与充分灌溉不施用生物炭相比,在轻度调亏灌溉下添加6 t·hm-2生物炭可提高产量16%和水分利用效率21.4%。因此,在轻度调亏灌溉下,施加6 t·hm-2生物炭可以有效提高水分利用效率,提高大豆产量。

关键词: 温度耐性, 养分, 非结构性碳水化合物, 地理种源, 栓皮栎

Abstract: To clarify the effects of biochar application and regulated deficit irrigation on soybean, a pot experiment was conducted with randomized block design and using soybean Kaiyu 12 as experimental material. We examined the effects of different biochar application rates \[B0 (0 t·hm-2), B1 (6 t·hm-2), B2 (12 t·hm-2)\] and different degrees of regulated deficit irrigation \[W1 (full irrigation, 70% field capacity), W2 (mild regulated deficit irrigation, 55%-60% field capacity), W3 (severe regulated deficit irrigation, 45%-50% field capacity)\] on the growth, yield, and water use of soybean. The results showed that leaf area index and underground dry matter accumulation of soybean were not affected by the mild regulated deficit irrigation, but increased with the increasing biochar application rates. The aboveground dry matter accumulation decreased with the aggravation of the regulated deficit degree, but increased when 12 t·hm-2 biachar was applied. Both regulated deficit irrigation and biochar could affect water consumption of soybean. Water consumption decreased with the aggravation of the regulated deficit degree. Biochar application with a rate of 6 t·hm-2 had the highest water consumption, but was conductive to the formation of yield. Compared with full irrigation without biochar (W1B0), mild regulated deficit irrigation with applying 6 t·hm-2 biochar (W2B1) increased yield by 16% and water use efficiency by 21.4%. Therefore, mild regulated deficit irrigation with 6 t·hm-2 biochar application (W2B1) could effectively improve yield and water use efficiency of soybean.

Key words: provenance, non-structural carbohydrate, thermal tolerance, nutrient, Quercus variabilis.