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岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)研究概述

姜智亮,米玛旺堆*   

  1. (西藏大学理学院, 拉萨 850000)
  • 出版日期:2020-07-10 发布日期:2021-01-09

Review on the study of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur).

JIANG Zhi-liang, MIGMAR Wang-dwei*   

  1. (School of Sciences, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China).
  • Online:2020-07-10 Published:2021-01-09

摘要: 野生动物管理需要生境质量、行为学、种群动态以及种间关系等数据支持。岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)作为我国Ⅱ级保护动物,是雪豹(Panthera uncia)、狼(Canis lupus)、棕熊(Ursus arctos)等珍稀食肉目动物的重要食物来源。20世纪,岩羊作为重要的狩猎物种被大量捕杀贩卖,影响了该物种的种群规模和分布,也影响了雪豹等动物的食物资源。当前,由于缺乏野生动物管理所需数据,岩羊保护与人类利益发生冲突十分常见。岩羊主要分布于青藏高原及周边地区,种群分布及行为学相关研究主要集中在国内的宁夏、甘肃、青海和新疆等省份;在境外地区,印度、尼泊尔等国也有岩羊的反捕食栖息方面研究的报道,而高原中部地区岩羊种群的研究却非常少。当前研究存在主要问题:分类学上对亚种间分化争议较大,栖息地质量评估无法满足岩羊有效管理,网围栏架设等人类活动干扰其生存并间接影响濒危物种雪豹的保护等。此外,有关岩羊动物疫病流行病学、肠道微生物及动物营养学等报道,尚缺乏对岩羊与家畜交叉感染相关案例的深度分析。已有的研究有助于认识物种分化和对环境的适应机制,但对岩羊宏观生态学研究不够系统,仍存在大部分地区种群动态数据不足、亚种分类和地理划分不清等问题。近年来,随着新技术的发展,应用分子识别、计算机识别、无人机技术和红外相机技术等对岩羊进行宏观生态学研究成为热点,建议加大对矮岩羊种群和贺兰山岩羊种群的保护;对保护区内应用新技术构建全面的野生动物及环境监测系统,从而对野生动物的种群分布动态和生存状态能够进行有效监测;增加对区外野生动物的调查频率,及时建立保护区、扩大保护区范围并建立相应的监测站。

关键词: 形质, 南方红豆杉, 林窗大小, 杉木, 生长

Abstract: Information on habitat quality, animal behavior, population dynamics, and predator-prey interaction is crucial for wildlife management. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) is a second-class national protected animal in China, mainly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions. It is the prey of rare carnivores, including snow leopard (Panthera uncia), wolf (Canis lupus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos). In the 20th century, as an important game species, blue sheep suffered mass killing and trafficking, which affected their population size and distribution as well as the food resources of the predators. Currently, conflicts often occur between the protection of blue sheep and human interests, due to lack of available information on the management of blue sheep. The distribution of blue sheep is spread over the entire Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. While studies have concentrated on their population distribution, behavior and taxonomy in Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang, no research has been conducted on the central Tibetan Plateau. There is consequently a lack of assessment on habitat quality for blue sheep, and on the effects of human activities, and its significance as food resource of the snow leopard. Moreover, few studies focus on the transmission of epidemic disease from livestock to blue sheep, though studies have been done on veterinary, fecal microbiota and nutriology of blue sheep. Many studies have examined the evolution and adaptation of blue sheep, but macro-ecology studies are lacking, resulting in knowledge gaps in population dynamics and controversy about classification and fuzzy geographic distribution. The use of new techniques to handle macro-ecology problems have been heavily debated, including molecular recognition, computer recognition, drones and camera traps. We suggest intensify the protection of the dwarf blue sheep and the blue sheep in Helan Mountains. For better monitoring of population dynamics and wildlife management, protective measures could be the implementation of animal and environmental monitoring systems in reserves with new techniques, increasing frequency of wildlife detection out the reserves, the establishment of new protected reserves and monitoring stations, and enlarging the areas of current reserves.

Key words: form quality., Taxus wallichina var. mairei, gap size, Cunninghamia lanceolata, growth