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祁连山东部冰沟河流域景观格局与河流水化学特征关系

周俊菊1,向鹃1*,王兰英2,种国双3,4*,朱国锋1,魏伟1,冯炜1,黄美华1   

  1. (1西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070;2中国21世纪议程管理中心, 北京 100381;3中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100049;4中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2019-12-10 发布日期:2019-12-10

Relationship between landscape pattern and hydrochemical characteristics of Binggou River Basin in eastern Qilian Mountains.

ZHOU Jun-ju1, XIANG Juan1*, WANG Lan-ying2, ZHONG Guo-shuang3,4*, ZHU Guo-feng1, WEI Wei1, FENG Wei1, HUANG Mei-hua1   

  1. (1College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2The Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21, Beijing 100381, China; 3State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for EcoEnvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2019-12-10 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 以2016年9月冰沟河流域的土地利用数据和河流水化学数据为基础,以河水采样点为中心分别建立三种尺度的缓冲区,运用Fragstats 4.2软件计算景观指数,再采用冗余分析方法分析不同尺度下的景观格局与水化学特征关系。结果表明:流域内不同土地利用/覆被类型对河流水化学特征的影响存在差异,耕地和建设用地的增加会在一定程度上促使主要水化学元素向河水中汇集,草地对水化学元素起到固持作用,水域和荒漠具有稀释作用,上游地区林地与水化学特征主要表现为正相关关系;该流域内,斑块密度、景观分离度和斑块连通性指数在200 m和600 m尺度下对水化学特征具有较好的指示意义;1000 m缓冲区尺度下的面积加权平均斑块分维数及600 m尺度下的景观形状指数与水化学特征关系更符合客观规律;香农多样性指数在中下游600 m缓冲区尺度下对水化学特征具有更高的解释度。本研究结果揭示了祁连山区生态水文过程,为土地的合理利用和景观格局的优化提供了科学依据。

关键词: 茶梅, 叶片, 组织结构, 气孔

Abstract: Based on the data of land use and hydrochemistry of river water in the Binggou River Basin in September 2016, buffers at three scales were established by the center of the water sampling points. The landscape index was calculated by Fragstats 4.2. The relationship between landscape pattern and hydrochemistry at different scales was analyzed by redundant analysis method. The results showed that different land use/cover types had different effects on chemical characteristics of river water. Increased area of farmland and construction land promoted the major chemical elements to be converged into river water. Grassland retained water chemical elements, whereas water area and desert had dilution effects. Forest land was positively related to water chemical characteristics in the upper reaches. Patch density, landscape division index, and patch cohesion index were good indicators for water chemistry at the scale of 200 m and 600 m in the Binggou River Basin. The relationships of the areaweighted patch fractal dimension at 1000 m buffer scale and the landscape shape index at 600 m scale with the water chemistry characteristics accorded with the objective law. The Shannon’s diversity index at the 600 m buffer scale in the middle and lower reaches of this basin could better indicate water chemistry characteristics. Our results revealed the ecological hydrological processes in the Qilian Mountains and thus provide reference for the rational use of land and the optimization of landscape pattern.

Key words: Camellia sasanqua, leaf, tissue structure, stomatal.