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围封和放牧草地植物多样性对氮添加的响应差异

刘思洋1,2,李雪华1*,骆永明1,徐锰瑶1,2,马晓彤3   

  1. (1中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室, 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3朝阳市阎王鼻子水库工程建设管理局, 辽宁朝阳 122000)
  • 出版日期:2019-12-10 发布日期:2019-12-10

Divergent response of plant diversity to nitrogen addition in enclosed and grazing grasslands.

LIU Si-yang1,2, LI Xue-hua1*, LUO Yong-ming1, XU Meng-yao1,2, MA Xiao-tong3   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Administration of Reservoir Engineering Construction of Yanwangbizi, Chaoyang 122000, Liaoning, China).
  • Online:2019-12-10 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 针对科尔沁沙地持续放牧草地和围封草地,探讨利用方式(围封和放牧)和短期氮添加(0、5、10和20 g·m-2)对草地植物多样性的影响。随施氮量增加,围封草地植被高度、密度、盖度和生物量显著增加,而物种丰富度和优势度却显著下降。围封草地根系性状指数随施氮量增加而显著下降,功能多样性指数变化不明显,但20 g·m-2氮添加处理显著降低了功能离散度。放牧草地植被状况和植物多样性受放牧影响高于氮处理,但比根长群落权重均值(CWM)随施氮量增加而显著增加。围封和低氮交互作用会促进植被恢复和提高植物多样性,但高氮会降低植物多样性和系统稳定性。生物量与植物多样性呈显著负相关,植被状况和物种多样性对草原短期管理措施的响应敏感度高于功能性状和功能多样性。植物根系性状对干扰具有较强烈的响应,因此建议草原长期管理要加强植物功能多样性的研究。

关键词: 个体发育, 光, 森林植物, 耐荫性, 可塑性, 光能利用

Abstract: We assessed the effects of utilization mode (grazing and exclosure) and short-termnitrogen addition (0, 5, 10, 20 g·m-2) on species diversity and functional diversity in grazing grassland and enclosed grassland in Horqin sandy land. For enclosed grassland, the vegetation height, density, coverage and biomass increased and species richness and dominance decreased with increasing nitrogen additions. The increasing nitrogen additions significantly decreased the indices of root traits for enclosed grassland, but had no effects on functional diversity except Rao index in 20 g·m-2 nitrogen addition treatment. Grazing had greater effects on vegetation status and diversity of grassland than nitrogen addition. CWM of specific root length significantly increased with the increasing nitrogen additions. The interaction of exclosure and low nitrogen additions could stimulate vegetation restoration and plant diversity. In contrast, higher nitrogen additions would reduce plant diversity and ecosystem stability. Biomass was negatively correlated with plant diversity indices. Vegetation and species diversity were more sensitive than plant traits and functional diversity to short-term exclosure and nitrogen addition. Plant root traits showed strong responses to management measures, which suggested that functional diversity should be further studied to clarify the long term effects of grassland management.

Key words: shade tolerance, light availability., plasticity, forest plant, light, ontogeny