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现代分子生物技术在湖泊沉积物古DNA研究中的应用

严东娜1,3*,徐海2,5,侯卫国4   

  1. (1中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室, 西安 710061;2天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072;3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;4中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 北京 100083;5西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院, 西安 710061)
  • 出版日期:2019-07-10 发布日期:2019-07-10

Application of modern molecular biotechnology in studying ancient DNA of lake sediments.

YAN Dong-na1,3*, XU Hai2,5, HOU Wei-guo4   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China; 2Institute of SurfaceEarth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 5School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, China).
  • Online:2019-07-10 Published:2019-07-10

摘要: 分子生物学技术的发展,为从分子生物学角度探讨湖泊生态系统演化提供了一个新窗口。依据湖泊沉积物中古DNA研究,从古微生物、动植物群落结构组成及数量变化等方面开展研究,可进一步反演湖泊及周边的气候环境变化,探讨生物与气候、人类活动之间的关系。本文首先介绍了湖泊沉积物中古DNA来源、保存特点以及提取方法,其次比较分析了现代分子生物技术在湖泊沉积物古DNA中的应用特点,并阐述了湖泊沉积物古DNA在重建古气候、古生态以及人类活动对古环境影响方面的应用,最后对目前湖泊沉积物古DNA研究方法存在的一些问题进行了总结。

关键词: 碳氮稳定同位素,  , 铜鱼属,  , 种间食物关系,  , 宜宾江段

Abstract: In recent years, the development of new techniques in molecular biology offers a new way for understanding the evolution of lake ecosystem. Ancient DNA could well record the migration and evolution of animals, plants, algae and even microbes, and thus has become an effective tool to reconstruct paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Studies on the ancient DNA preserved in lake sediments have provided abundant information and high-resolution data that are needed for reconstruction of ancient microbial, plant, or animal community, as well as the ancient environmental conditions. Here, we firstly introduced the preservation characteristics of the ancient DNA and DNA extraction methods from lake sediments, and then reviewed the latest molecular biology techniques for studying ancient DNA preserved in lake sediments. We also discussed the application of ancient DNA in lake sediments including reconstruction of paleoclimate, paleoecology and the impacts of human activities on paleoenvironment. Finally, some problems and possible trends on the research of ancient DNA in lake sediments were summarized.

Key words: carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, Coreius, interspecies diet relationship, Yibin reach.