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• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤酸化及其生态效应

张玲玉1,2,赵学强1,2*,沈仁芳1,2   

  1. 1土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所), 南京 210008; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2019-06-10 发布日期:2019-06-10

Soil acidification and its ecological effects.

ZHANG Ling-yu1,2, ZHAO Xue-qiang1,2*, SHEN Ren-fang1,2   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2019-06-10 Published:2019-06-10

摘要: 自然条件下的土壤酸化是一个非常缓慢的过程。近几十年来,在人类活动的影响下,原本缓慢的自然酸化过程不断加快。土壤酸化加速带来的一系列负面效应正迫使人们必须对土壤酸化加以重视。本文首先介绍了土壤酸化的自然过程和人为因素引起的土壤酸化,阐述了土壤盐基饱和度、土壤酸缓冲体系、酸沉降、化学肥料、植物、土地利用方式等对土壤酸化的影响;然后总结了土壤酸化带来的一系列生态效应,如植物生长受到抑制、土壤生物群落结构改变、土壤重金属有效性升高、水体质量下降等;最后从施用酸性土壤改良剂和种植耐逆高效优质植物两个方面,论述了酸性土壤的可持续利用策略,并对土壤酸化将来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 加州新小绥螨, 温度, 存活, 发育

Abstract: Soil acidification is a slow process under natural conditions, but it has been accelerated to some extent in the recent decades by anthropogenic activities, with a series of negative effects. We should pay more attention to the accelerated soil acidification. Here, we first reviewed the processes of soil acidification under both natural and anthropogenic conditions, and explored their driving factors such as soil base saturation percentage, acid buffering capability, acid deposit, fertilizers, plants, and land use management. Then, we summarized the ecological effects of soil acidification, including inhibited plant growth, altered soil biological community, increased soil heavy metal availability, and decreased water quality. Finally, sustainable strategies for acidic soil use were discussed from the two aspects, acid soil amendment and plant genetic modification. We proposed the future research trends in soil acidification.

Key words: Neoseiulus californicus, temperature, survival, development.