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生态学杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (01): 98-105.

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

生态系统健康研究的一些基本问题探讨

朱建刚1;余新晓1**;甘 敬2;张振明1   

  1. 1北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京 100083;2北京市园林绿化局,北京 100029
  • 出版日期:2010-01-08 发布日期:2010-01-08

Major issues in ecosystem health research.

ZHU Jian-gang1;YU Xin-xiao1;GAN Jing2|ZHANG Zhen-ming1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation &|Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, China;2Beijing Municipal Bureauof Landscape and Forestry, 100029, China
  • Online:2010-01-08 Published:2010-01-08

摘要: 目前有关生态系统健康研究的一些基本问题尚未达成共识。本文分析了“健康”、“系统”与“生态系统”3个与生态系统健康关联的概念,在此基础上,对生态系统健康的概念及其内涵、研究价值、研究的内容框架、研究的合理尺度以及生态系统质量诊断与质量等级评价进行了探讨。指出生态学上的生态系统是系统科学意义上系统的一类,整体性、稳定性和可持续性是生态系统的重要特征,生态系统健康可通过它的充分必要条件给出,即具备良好的整体性,能够维持较高的稳定性,并能实现良好的可持续性。生态系统质量标准分为质量诊断标准和质量等级评价标准,质量诊断是一种“是”与“非”的事实判断,而质量等级评价是一种价值判断。生态系统质量等级评价指标可分为限制可比型和非限制可比型两类。生态系统的复杂性决定了生态系统健康研究须借助于系统科学和非线性科学的理论与方法,生态系统病变的滞后性决定了生态系统健康研究必须加强生态系统质量预测与预警,而生态系统健康的跨学科性决定了生态系统健康研究需要生态学、环境学、医学、社会学以及经济学等领域研究人员的广泛合作。

关键词: 水旱轮作, 土壤水溶性有机物, 亲水性, 生物降解, 纵向分馏

Abstract: Ecologists have not reached a consensus on the major issues in ecosystem health. In this paper, three concepts relating to ecosystem health, i.e., ‘h
ealth’, ‘system’ and ‘ecosystem’, were analyzed, and the concepts and connotations of ecosystem health, its research significances, content framework, and feasible scales, as well as the diagnosis and grade-assessment of ecosystem quality were discussed. It is suggested that ecosystem is one of the special systems in the context of systems science, with the characteristics of integrity, stability, and sustainability. Good integrity, stability, and sustainability are the necessary and sufficient conditions of ecosystem health. The criteria of ecosystem quality include qualitative diagnostic and grade-assessment ones. The qualitative diagnosis is a fact judgment (yes or not), while the gradeassessment is a value judgment. The indices for grade-assessment of ecosystem quality
could also be divided into two kinds, the restrictively comparable and the non-restrictively comparable. The complexity of ecosystem determines that the studies on ecosystem health should be made with the help of the theories and methods in systems science and nonlinear science, the time lag in ecosystem disease deter
mines that the forecast and early warning of ecosystem health should be strengthened, and the transdisciplinarity of ecosystem health research determines that t
he reseds needs a broad cooperation among ecological, environmental, medical, social, and economic scientists.

Key words: Arable soil, Dissolved organic matter, Hydrophilic, Biodegradable, Vertical fractionation