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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2613-2620.

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

生境破碎化对食果动物及种子传播的影响

白冰,李宁,鲁长虎**   

  1. 南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院, 南京 210037
  • 出版日期:2011-11-08 发布日期:2011-11-08

Influence of habitat fragmentation on frugivores and their seed dispersal.

BAI Bing, LI Ning, LU Chang-hu**   

  1. College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
  • Online:2011-11-08 Published:2011-11-08

摘要: 食果动物与依赖其传播种子的植物间在进化过程中形成互惠关系,生境破碎化往往干扰种子传播过程,继而破坏这种关系。生境破碎化通常降低食果动物的多样性,但亦有相反的情况出现。食果动物对生境破碎化的适应能力不同,泛性森林动物和广食性动物具有较强的适应性。生境破碎化对依赖动物传播的植物影响有差异,多数植物受到负面影响,但也有一些植物不受影响,甚至受益。动物在破碎生境中对种子传播的有效性是种子搬运量、传播距离、种子萌发及种群建立等环节的综合效果。破碎化生境中种子的搬运量与动物的觅食行为和食物选择有关;种子传播距离受食物资源可获得性的改变和生境斑块异质性的影响;种子萌发和更新种群建立成功与否决定于是否存在有效的种子传播者。生境破碎化如何影响种子传播以及动植物相互关系,尤其是异质斑块的空间分布如何影响食果动物的传播有效性、破碎化生境下动植物互惠共生关系如何建立,生境破碎化导致的植物入侵对本地植物种子传播的影响是未来需要深入研究的问题。

关键词: 地理信息系统, 数学模型, 林地, 林木产量, 光能利用率

Abstract: Frugivores and the plants depending on frugivore to disperse their seeds form a mutualism in the process of evolution, but habitat fragmentation can disturb the process and break the mutualism. Habitat fragmentation often reduces the diversity of frugivores, but this situation does not happen in all ecosystems. Frugivores have different adaptability to the habitat fragmentation, being stronger for the forest generalists and food generalists. Habitat fragmentation has negative effects on most of the plants depending on frugivore to disperse their seeds, but some plants are not, and even, benefited. The seed dispersal effectiveness of the frugviores in fragmental habitat is the combined effect of seed dispersal amount, dispersal distance, seed germination, and establishment of seedling population. The changes in the foraging behavior and food choice of frugivores affect the seed dispersal amount, whereas the heterogeneity of habitat patch and the changes in food resource availability determine the seed dispersal distance. The successful establishment of seedling population depends on effective disperser. Three issues to be further studied were proposed: (1) how habitat fragmentation affects the seed dispersal and the relationship between animals and plants, especially how the spatial distribution of heterogeneous landscapes affects the seed dispersal effectiveness of frugivores, (2) how to create a new mutualism between plants and frugivores in habitat fragmentation, and (3) how the plant invasion induced by habitat fragmentation affects the seed dispersal of native plants.

Key words: GIS, Mathematic model, Forest land, Wood productiveness, Solar energy use efficiency