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皖江湿地及其开垦为稻田后土壤种子库结构比较

冯伟1;吴新民2;潘根兴1;许信旺2;强胜3   

  1. 1南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095;2
    州师范专科学校资源环境科学系, 安徽池州 247000; 3南京农业大学杂草研究室, 南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2007-09-25 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-06-10 发布日期:2008-06-10

Comparison of soil seed bank structure in natural wetlands and their corresponding reclaimed paddy fields at lower reaches of Yangtze River in Anhui, China.

FENG Wei1; WU Xin-min2; PAN Gen-xing1; XU Xing-wang2; QIANG Sheng3    

  1. 1Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing
    Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2Department of Resource a
    nd Environment Sciences, Chizhou College, Chizhou 247000, Anhui, China; 3L
    aboratory of Weed Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Received:2007-09-25 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-06-10 Published:2008-06-10

摘要: 运用镜检法对皖江2处天然湿地(十八索和升金湖)及其开垦的稻田表层土壤(0~10 cm)种子库物种进行了鉴定,分析天然湿地开垦为稻田后土壤种子库群落结构及多样性的变化。结果表明:天然湿地种子库密度为83 499~109 141粒·m-2,而开垦为稻田30~50年后种子库密度为9 140~47 452粒·m-2;天然湿地的土壤种子库物种数为16~30种,以蓼科莎草科或莎草科蓼科为优势种,开垦为稻田后物种数下降为7~16种,且趋向于以禾本科为单一优势种;此外,与十八索湿地相比,升金湖湿地有较高的土壤种子库物种数、丰富度和多样性,而开垦年限为30年的十八索稻田土壤种子库物种数和丰富度显著高于开垦年限为50年的升金湖稻田。湿地开垦为稻田后,土壤种子库密度和物种数的急剧减少,人为管理生态系统生物多样性受到强烈干扰。因此,湿地保护对于维持长江流域的生物多样性及其流域生态功能具有重要意义。

关键词: 水稻, 化感作用潜力, 生物测试方法, 应用

Abstract: By the method of microscopic examination, the soil seed bank structure and diversity of two natural wetlands (Shibasuo Lake and Shengjin Lake) and their corresponding reclaimed paddy fields at the lower reaches of Yangtze River in Anhui, China were investigated. The total seed storage in topsoil (0-10 cm) was 83 499-109 141 ind·m-2 for natural wetlands and 9140–47452 ind·m-2 for reclaimed paddy fields. In natural wetlands, the seeds were of 16-30 grass plant species, being dominant with Polygonaceae and Cyperaceae or yperaceae and Gramineae; while in reclaimed paddy fields, the seeds were of 7-16 grass plant species, with the dominant of Gramineae. The seed storage and species numbers were greater in Shengjin Lake than in Shibasuo Lake. Higher seed bank storage and more species were observed in the paddy fields from Shibasuo wetland with 30 years of cultivation than from the Shengjin Lake wetland with over 50 years of cultivation. The shift of paddy fields from natural wetlands reduced the seed bank storage and the seed species number markedly, indicating that biodiversity was strongly disturbed when the ecosystem was managed by human. Therefore, conservation of natural wetlands is of significance in sustaining the biodiversity and ecofunction of Yangtze River basin.

Key words: Oryza sativa, Allelopathic potential, Bioassay method, Application