生物多样性和生态系统功能研究综述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物多样性和生态系统功能之间关系,是生态学和环境科学的热门话题。围绕这一主题,文章系统回顾了近20年来的研究历史及学术界的不同观点,全面展示了目前在理论和实验领域的主要工作结果和研究进展,并对今后的发展趋势和面临的挑战作了展望。理论和实验研究都表明,生物多样性趋于与生态系统功能(稳定性)呈正相关性,但是多样性并非是这种关系的直接驱动力。生态系统功能(稳定性)潜在地依赖于物种之间相互作用的强度,物种的功能反应特性以及生态系统的类型和尺度等。在生物多样性和生态系统功能的研究中,重要的不只是结论,还应包括其中所隐含的机制。

关键词: 棉花, 棉铃虫, 寄生蜂, 行为反应

Abstract: The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a hot subject in ecological and environmental sciences.Focused on this issue,the research history and the different academic viewpoints during the last two decades were reviewed systematically.The current knowledge and development of the theoretial and experimental work were shown fully.The future trends and challenges were also prospected.Theoretical and experimental studies indicated that biodiversity tends to be correlated positively with ecosystem functioning (stability).But diversity is not the direct driver of this relationship.Ecosystem functioning (stability) potentially depends on the interaction strength among species,the difference of functional response of species,the types and scales of ecosystems etc.In the study of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning,the important problem is not merely conclusion,but also mechanism hidden behind.

Key words: Cotton, Helicoverpa armigera, Parasitic wasp, Behavioral responses

中图分类号:

Q146 X176

李慧蓉. 生物多样性和生态系统功能研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, (3): 109-114.

LI Huirong. Review on study of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning[J]. cje, 2004, (3): 109-114.

参考文献

[1] Berlow E. 1999. Strong effects of weak interactions in ecological communities[J ] . Nature, 298: 330 ～ 334.
[2] Elton CS. 1958. Ecology of Invasions by Animal and Plant[M] .London: Chapman and Hall. 50～72.
[3] Fagen WF. 1997. Omnivory as a stabilizing feature of natural communities[ J ] . Amet. Nat., 150: 554～ 567.
[4] Hector A, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C, et al. 1999. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands [ J ] . Science, 286:1123 ～ 1127.
[5] Hooper DU, Vitousek PM. 1997. The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes[J] . Science, 277:1302～ 1305.
[6] Huston MA. 1997. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments:re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity [ J ] . Oecologia, 110:449～460.
[7] Kaiser J. 2000. Rift over biodiversity divides ecologists [ J ] . Science, 289:1282 ～ 1283.
[8] Kokkoris GD, Troumbis AY, Lawton JH. 1999. Patterns of species interaction sttength in assembled theoretical competition communuties[J] . Ecol Lett., 2:70～74.
[9] Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, et al. 2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges[ J ] . Science, 294: 804～ 808.
[10] MacArthur RH. 1955. Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability[J] . Ecology, 36:533～536.
[11] McCann KS. 2000. The diversity-stability debate[ J ] . Nature, 405:218～ 233.
[12] McNaughton SJ. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti[J ] . Eol. Monogr., 55:259～ 295.
[13] Naeem S, Thompson LJ, Lawler SP, et al. 1994. Diclining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems[J] . Nature, 368:734～ 740.
[14] Odum EP. 1953. Fundamentals of Ecology [ M] . philadelphia:Saunders, 132～ 157.
[15] de Ruiter PC, Neutel A, Moore JC. 1995. Energetics, patterns of interaction strenghths, and stability in real ecosystems [ J ] . Science , 269:1257～1260.
[16] Tilman D, Downing JA. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grassland[J ] . Nature, 367 .. 363～ 365.
[17] Van de Heijolen M, Klironomos JN, Ursic M, et al. 1998. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity[J ] . Nature, 396: 69～ 92.
[18] Vander Zanden MJ, Casselman JM, Rasmussen JB. 1999. Stable isotope evidence for the food web consequences of species invasion in lakes[J ] . Nature, 401:464～ 467.
[19] Yachi S, Loreau M. 1999. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in A Flucuating Environment: the Insurance Hypothesis[J] .Pro. Natl. Acad . Sci., USA, 96:1463～ 68.
[20] Yodzis P. 1981. The stability of real ecosystems[J] . Nature,289:674～ 676.