生态系统可持续管理的原理和方法

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人口、资源与环境是当前社会关注的重点,三者相互依存,互为影响,因此如何协调三者之间的关系显得极为重要,它关系到人类社会的可持续发展。生态系统作为人类生存条件-资源和环境的保育基础,其管理的重要性已被广泛认识和接受。本文运用生态学、管理学等原理,从生态系统结构、功能和过程等特征出发,详细论述了生态系统可持续管理的原理、手段和方法。并依据生态系统的不确定性和对管理的反馈作用,强调了适应性管理是实现生态系统可持续管理的基本途径,为进一步研究生态系统的可持续管理的案例提供理论依据.

关键词: 空间直观景观模型, LANDIS, 火干扰, 风倒, 采伐

Abstract: Population,resources and environmental problems are the focus concerned by current society.They depend on each other for existence and interact.So it is important to make them in line,which is correlative with the sustainable development of anthropic society.Ecological systems are the condition of anthropic survival and the basis of the care of resources and environment.The significance of ecosystem management has been understood and accepted.This paper discussed the principles,means and methods of sustainable ecosystem management according to ecological and management principles.It hasd been emphasized that adaptive management was the basic approach to realize sustainable ecosystem management according to the uncertainty of ecosystem and its feedback to management.This paper provided the theoretic foundation for the case study of sustainable ecosystem management.

Key words: Spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, Fire disturbance, Windthrow, Harvest

中图分类号:

S512

杨荣金, 傅伯杰, 刘国华, 马克明. 生态系统可持续管理的原理和方法[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, (3): 103-108.

YANG Rongjin, FU Bojie, LIU Guohua, MA Keming. Principles and methods of sustainable management of ecosystem[J]. cje, 2004, (3): 103-108.

参考文献

[1] 于贵瑞.2001.生态系统管理学的概念框架及其生态学基础[J] .应用生态学报,12(5):787～794.
[2] 任海,邬建国,彭少麟,等.2000.生态系统管理的概念及其要素[J] .应用生态学报,11(3):455～458.
[3] 邬建国.2000.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级[M] .北京:高等教育出版社.
[4] 李博,杨持,林鹏.2000.生态学[M] .北京:高等教育出版社.
[5] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.2001.景观生态学[M] .北京:科学出版社.
[6] 蔡晓明.2000.生态系统生态学[M] .北京:科学出版社.
[7] Boyce MS, Haney A. 1997. Ecosystem Management:Applications for Sustainable Forest and Wild Life Resources [ M ] . New Haven: Yale University Press, 3～ 37.
[8] Christensen NL, Bartuska AM, Brown JH, et al. 1996. The report of the ecological society of America committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management [ J ] . Ecol. Appl., 6 ( 3 ):665～ 691.
[9] Dale VH, Brown S, Haeuber RA, et al. 2000. Ecological principles and guidelines for managing the use of land[J] . Ecol. Appl., 10(3) :639～670.
[10] Fitzsimmons AK. 1998. Why a policy of federal management and protection of ecosystems is a bad idea [J] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40:195～202.
[11] Gentile JH, Harwell MA, Cropper W, et al. 2001. Ecological conceptual models: a framework and case study on ecosystem management for South Florida sustainability[J ] . Sci. Total Environ., 274:231～253.
[12] Haeuber R. 1998. Ecosystem management and environmental policy in the United States:open windows or closed door[J] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40:221 ～233.
[13] Harwell MA. 1997. Ecosystem management of South Florida[J] .BioScience, 47(8) :499～ 512.
[14] Hilbom R, Ludwig D. 1993. The limits of applied ecological research[J] . Ecol. Appl., 3: 550～ 552.
[15] Lackey RT. 1998. Ecosystem management: desperately seeking a paradigm[J] . J . Soil Water Conserv . , 15(1) :92～94.
[16] Lackey RT. 1998. Seven pillars of ecosystem management [ J ] .Landscape Urban Plan., 40: 21 ～ 30.
[17] Ludwig D, Hilborn R, Walters CJ. 1993. Uncertainty, resource exploitation, and conservation: lessons from history[J] . Science,260(17): 17, 36.
[18] Mageau MT, Costanza R, Ulanowicz RE. 1998. Quantifying the trends expected in developing ecosystems [ J ] . Ecol. Model.,112:21 ～22.
[19] Malone CR. 2000. Ecosystem management policies in state government of the USA[J] . Landscape Urban Plan., 48:57～64.
[20] Malone CR. 2000. State governments, ecosystem management,and the enlibra doctrine in the US[ J ] . Ecol. Econ., 34:9～17.
[21] Mazzotti FJ, Morgenstern CS. 1997. A scientific framework for managing urban natural areas[ J ] . Landscape Urban Plan., 38:171～181.
[22] Mills TJ, Clark RN. 2001. Roles of research scientists in natural resource decision-making[J ] . For. Ecol. Manag., 153:189～ 198.
[23] Nute GR, Nath S, Verma B, et al. 2000. Goals and goal orientation in decision support systems for ecosystem management[ J ] .Comp. Electr. Agric. , 27:355～375.
[24] Prato T. 2000. Multiple anttribute Bayesian analysis of adaptive ecosystem management[J] . Ecol. Model., 133:181 ～ 193.
[25] Quigley TM, Haynes RW, Hanna WJ. 2001. Estimating ecological integrity in the interior Columbia River basin[ J ] . For. Ecol.Manag. 153:161 ～ 178.
[26] Rauscher MH. 1999. Ecosystem management decision support for federal forests in the United States:A review[J ] . For. Ecol. Manag., 114:173 ～ 197.
[27] Saunders, Norton DA. 2001. Ecological restoration at Mainland Islands in New Zealand[ J ] . Biol. Conserv., 99:109～ 119.
[28] Sexton WT, Dull CW, Szaro RC. 1998. Implementing ecosystem management:a framework for remotely sensed information at multiple scales[J ] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40:173～ 184.
[29] Sexton WT, Szaro RC. 1998. Implementing ecosystem management:using multiple boundaries for organizing information[J ] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40:167～ 171.
[30] Sexton WT. 1998. Ecosystem management: expanding the resource management ‘tool kit'[J ] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40:103～112.
[31] Slocombe S. 1998. Lessons from experience with ecosystem-based management[J] . Landscape Urban Plan. ,40:31～39.
[32] Stein SM, Gelburd D. 1998. Healthy ecosystems and sustainable economies: the federal interagency ecosystem management initiative[J] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40: 73～ 80.
[33] Steyer GD, Llewellyn DW. 2000. coastal wetlands planning, protection, and restoration act:A programmatic application of adaptive management[ J ] . Ecol. Eng., 15:385～395.
[34] Szaro RC, Sexton WT, Malone CR. 1998. The emergence of ecosystem management as a tool for meeting people's needs and sustaining ecosystems[J ] . Landscape Urban Plan., 40:1 ～ 7.
[35] Thom RM. 2000. Adaptive management of coastal ecosystem restoration projects[J] . Ecol. Eng., 15: 365～ 372.
[36] Vogt KA, Gordon JC, Wargo JP, et al. 1997. Ecosystems: Balancing Science with Management[ M] . New York: Springer.
[37] Wear DN, Turner MG, Flamm RO. 1996. Ecosystem management with multiple owners: landscape dynamics in a southern Appachian watershed[J] . Ecol. Appl., 6(4): 1173～ 1188.
[38] Wood CA. 1994. Ecosystem management:achieving the new land ethic[J] . Renew Nat. Res . J . , 12:6～12.
[39] Yaffee, SL. 1999. Three faces of ecosystem management [ J ] .Conserv. Biol., 13:713～729.