欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田的效果、问题与对策

宋佳1,2,曾希柏1,2*,王亚男1,2,白玲玉1,2   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081; 2农业部岳阳农业环境科学观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000)
  • 出版日期:2020-05-10 发布日期:2020-05-10

A review on crop straw returning to field: Effects, problems and countermeasures.

SONG Jia1,2, ZENG Xi-bai1,2*, WANG Ya-nan1,2, BAI Ling-yu1,2   

  1. (1Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; 2Agro-Environmental Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Yueyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, China).
  • Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-05-10

摘要: 农作物秸秆还田是改善土壤理化性质、增加微生物和酶活性、促进作物增产的有效措施,也是农作物秸秆资源化利用的一种重要方式,但秸秆还田也可能会导致作物出苗率降低、加重作物病虫害发生、引起土壤重金属等有毒有害物质积累等负面影响。目前秸秆以直接还田为主,亦有少量通过堆沤、垫圈等方式间接还田。秸秆在土壤中的腐解速度及还田效果主要取决于秸秆的化学组成特别是C/N、土壤微生物状况、土壤温度及水分含量等。下一步,必须强化秸秆还田方法、快速腐解条件及制剂、对下季作物病害影响及防控、农机农艺配套、缓解全球变化能力等研究,完善相关技术与方法,促进秸秆还田快速推广应用。

关键词: 棉花, 内蒙古西部荒漠区, 产量, 播期, 品质, 养分吸收利用

Abstract: Crop straw returning to soil is one of the effective measures to improve soil physicochemical properties, enhance the activities of microorganisms and enzymes, and increase crop yield. It is one of the important ways of crop straw resource utilization. However, the straw returning to soil could lead to some negative impacts, such as decreasing germination rate of crops, increasing the occurrence of crop diseases and pests, and accumulation of soil heavy metals and other poisonous and harmful substances. The main way of crop straw returning to soil was the direct straw returning, while the indirect way of the crop straw returning to filed was composting. The decomposition rate and effect of the straw in soils mainly depended on the chemical composition of the straws (especially carbonnitrogen ratio), soil microbial status, soil temperature, and soil moisture. The future researches should focus on the methodologies of straw returning to soil, rapid decomposing agents and their application conditions, the impacts and control on the occurrence of crop diseases and pests of next season crops, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the ability to mitigate global change. Furthermore, we should improve methodologies and technologies related to straw returning to field and promote rapid application of crop straw returning to soil.

Key words: fiber quality, uptake and utilization of nutrient., Inner Mongolia west desert area, sowing date, yield, cotton