安徽九华山风景区古树群落主要种群生态位的动态变化

生态学杂志

安徽九华山风景区古树群落主要种群生态位的动态变化

董冬^1,2,许小天¹,周志翔^2*,何云核³,王存志¹,石方可¹,高陆陆¹

(¹淮南师范学院生物工程学院，安徽淮南 232038；²华中农业大学园艺林学学院/湖北省林业信息工程技术中心，武汉 430070；³浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院，浙江临安 311300)

出版日期:2019-05-10 发布日期:2019-05-10

Niche dynamics of main populations of old-tree communities in Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area of Anhui Province.

DONG Dong^1,2, XU Xiao-tian¹, ZHOU Zhi-xiang^2*, HE Yun-he³, WANG Cun-zhi¹, SHI Fang-ke¹, GAO Lu-lu¹

(¹School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, Anhui, China; ²College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; ³School of Landscape Architecture, Zhenjiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China).

Online:2019-05-10 Published:2019-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 开展古树群落生态位特征及动态变化研究，可以了解物种对环境资源的利用和适应，为古树资源的保护和管理提供科学依据。本文基于九华山古树群落固定样地的动态监测，分析了2007—2017年间古树群落主要种群物种重要值、生态位宽度和生态位重叠等变化。结果表明：2007年样地中有物种230种，到2017年，有39种从群落中消失，12种进入群落；从重要值变化看，10年间细叶青冈（Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia）、枫香（Liquidambar formosana）、灯台树（Cornus controversa）、檫木（Sassafras tzumu）等古树种群优势地位进一步增强，而马尾松（Pinus massoniana）、金钱松（Pseudolarix amabilis）、白玉兰（Magnolia denudate）等古树种群的优势地位逐步减弱；在生态位宽度的变化上，细叶青冈依然是乔木层宽度最大物种，但灌木层生态位最宽物种阔叶箬竹（Indocalamus latifolius）被细叶青冈幼树和常春藤（Hedera nepalensis var.sinensis）取代，细叶青冈种群对环境资源的利用进一步增强。而优势种中，古树种群金钱松、白玉兰、马尾松生态位宽度变窄，对资源的利用能力以及对环境的适应能力有所下降。Bray-Curtis聚类分析将各群落层次优势种分为3组，其中，古树种群灯台树、细叶青冈、枫香、白玉兰聚为一类，生态位宽度相似性高；10年间生态位重叠值超过0.2的种对所占比例增加明显，群落优势种可能因利用相同资源而产生的种间竞争趋于激烈，亦可能是不同物种可以从不同的角度和侧面利用资源，形成相对稳定又处于相互竞争的动态平衡。在九华山风景区，古树种群细叶青冈、枫香、灯台树等在群落中较为稳定，但金钱松、马尾松等的优势地位存在被环境适应能力强的其他树种替代的可能。

关键词: 灌溉, 种植方式, 冬小麦, 旗叶光合特性, 产量

Abstract: The niche characteristics and its dynamic changes of old-tree communities were investigated in this study. Results from this study help improve our understanding the utilization and adaptation of different species to environmental resources and provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of old-tree communities. Based on the dynamic monitoring of the fixed plots of old-tree communities in Jiuhua Mountain from 2007 to 2017, we analyzed the changes of species importance values, niche breadth and niche overlap of main populations in old-tree communities. The results showed that there were 230 species in the plots in 2007. In 2017, 39 species disappeared from the community, and another 12 species entered the community. For the importance value, old-tree populations such as Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia, Liquidambar formosana,Cornus controversaand Sassafras tzumu were enhanced, but the dominant position of Pinus massoniana,Pseudolarix amabilis and Magnolia denudategradually decreased during the past decade. In terms of niche breadth, C. myrsinaefoliawas still the largest species in the hierarchy, but the broadest species of shrub layer niche were replaced by C. myrsinaefolia and Hedera nepalensisvar. sinensis. The utilization of environmental resources by C. myrsinaefolia was enhanced. The niche breadth of M. grandiflora, C. lanceolata, P. massonianabecame narrower, indicating that a decline of their ability to use resources and adapt to the environment. BrayCurtis cluster analysis divided the dominant species in each community into three groups. C. controversa, C. myrsinaefolia, L. formosana and M. denudate were clustered in one group, with similar niche breadths. The proportion of species with an overlap value of more than 0.2 increased significantly in the past decade, indicating that species competition for similar resource was more intense, or that they might utilize resources from different approaches to form a relatively stable and competitive dynamic balance. The populations of C. myrsinaefolia, L. formosana, C. controversawere relatively stable in the community, but the dominant position of P. massoniana and P. amabilis may be replaced by other tree species with strong environmental adaptability in old-tree communities of Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area.

Key words: irrigation, planting pattern, winter wheat, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf, yield.

董冬,许小天,周志翔,何云核,王存志,石方可,高陆陆. 安徽九华山风景区古树群落主要种群生态位的动态变化[J]. 生态学杂志.

DONG Dong, XU Xiao-tian, ZHOU Zhi-xiang, HE Yun-he, WANG Cun-zhi, SHI Fang-ke, GAO Lu-lu. Niche dynamics of main populations of old-tree communities in Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area of Anhui Province.[J]. cje.

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