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蒙陕大型煤矿开采区水质化学特征与健康风险

蔡月,李小平*,赵亚楠,孙薛梦,刘东英,吴婷,艾雨为,杨涛   

  1. (陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院环境科学系, 地理学国家级实验教学示范中心(陕西师范大学), 美国杰克逊州立大学陕西师范大学纳米环境科学与健康国际联合研究中心, 西安 710062)
  • 出版日期:2018-02-10 发布日期:2018-02-10

Chemical characteristics and health risk assessment of groundwater from large coal-mining area in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia of China.

CAI Yue, LI Xiao-ping*, ZHAO Ya-nan, SUN Xue-meng, LIU Dong-ying, WU Ting, AI Yu-wei, YANG Tao   

  1. (School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, National Demonstration Center for ExperimentalGeography Education (Shaanxi Normal University), SNNU JSU Joint Research Center forNano environment Science and Health, Xi’an 710062, China).
  • Online:2018-02-10 Published:2018-02-10

摘要: 以蒙陕大型煤矿开采区地下水为研究对象,采用水质分析仪、离子色谱、原子荧光分析仪(AFS)、等离子质谱(ICP-MS)等分析仪器和方法对地下水样品的理化性质、水体主要阴阳离子和As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni等22种水体参数进行了测定,并运用模糊综合评价法和化学致癌物的健康风险评价模型对水质进行了评价。结果表明,蒙陕大型煤矿开采区地下深水(300 m)均属于一级水质,水质良好,危险金属污染并不明显。其主要阳离子含量总体呈现出Mg2+>Na+>Ca2+>K+的特征,主要阴离子的含量总体呈现出SO42->Cl->NO3->F-的特征,主要的水质类型为SO4·Cl-Na型和重碳酸盐型。虽然大多危险金属对成人和儿童的致癌和非致癌风险均在可接受范围内,但危险元素Cr和As,无论成人还是儿童,其健康风险值均高于其他元素,说明Cr和As比其他元素更容易引起成人和儿童的健康风险,相比之下,危险金属Cr对儿童的致癌风险最大,而As对成人致癌风险较大。从各危险金属总体健康风险数值来看,危险元素引起成人和儿童总健康风险不容忽视,儿童总健康风险大于成人,尤其是在哈拉沟煤矿、王渠沟煤矿和瓜地湾露天煤矿区地下水危险金属总健康风险已经超过ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险值5.0×10-5 a-1,应该引起高度重视。

关键词: 生态源地, 生态安全格局, 生态廊道, 生境质量, 唐县

Abstract: Twenty-two water parameters of groundwater collected from six large coal-mining areas in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia of China, including physical and chemical properties, major ions and potential toxic elements (PTE) (As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni), were investigated with automatic water analyzer, ion chromatography (IC), atomic fluorescence analyzer (AFS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The pollution status and health risk were evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive method and USEPA chemical carcinogens model,respectively. Results showed that the ground water (below 300 m) ranked the first grade in water quality according to the standard of GB/T 14848-93. The contents of main cations and anionsdecreased as Mg2+>Na+>Ca2+>K+ and SO42>Cl->NO3->F-. SO4·Cl-Na and bicarbonate were the main water types. Although the cancer and non-cancer risk of most PTEs exposure to adults and children were within acceptable limits, the PTEs Cr and As were more likely to cause health risks to children and adults than other elements. Moreover, Cr had a greater cancer risk forchildren compared to As for adults. It is important to note that the health risk from PTEs tochildren was greater than that to adults. The total health risks of PTEs in groundwater fromHalagou, Wangqugou and Guadiwan coal mine areas exceeded the critical load of 5.0×10-5 a-1 recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Our resultshighlight that more attention should be paid on the health risk of PTEs in groundwater from those areas.

Key words: ecological security pattern, Tang County, ecological source, habitat quality, ecological corridor