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若尔盖高寒草甸退化对表栖节肢动物群落的影响

龙伟1,2,高艳美2,吴鹏飞2*#br#   

  1. 1西南民族大学青藏高原研究院, 成都 610041;2西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院, 成都 610041)
  • 出版日期:2018-01-10 发布日期:2018-01-10

Effects of alpine meadow degradation on epigeic arthropod communities in Zoigê.

LONG Wei1,2, GAO Yan-mei2, WU Peng-fei2*   

  1. (1Institute of QinghaiTibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; 2College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China).
  • Online:2018-01-10 Published:2018-01-10

摘要: 为了查明高寒草甸退化对表栖节肢动物的群落结构及多样性的影响,于2014年5月、7月和9月利用陷阱法对若尔盖县境内的沼泽草甸、草原草甸、中度退化草甸和重度退化草甸4种生境的表栖节肢动物群落进行了调查,共获得表栖节肢动物8364只,隶属于4纲17目123类(科或属)。优势类群为长跳属(Entomobrya)和球圆跳属(Sphaeridia),其中长跳属仅出现在草原草甸。重度退化草甸表栖节肢动物各多样性指数均显著低于其他生境,表明高寒草甸退化对表栖节肢动物群落组成有明显影响。此外,沼泽草甸表栖节肢动物9月的个体数量和丰富度指数高于5月和7月,其他生境均以7月较高,5月和9月较低;中度退化草甸和重度退化草甸的Shannon指数在不同月份间差异显著,Simpson指数仅在重度退化草甸有显著月份差异。不同生境间的月份差异表明,高寒草甸退化还可以影响表栖节肢动物的季节动态。回归分析表明,植物及土壤环境因子对表栖节肢动物群落的个体数量和多样性有显著影响。研究结果表明,高寒草甸退化可以通过改变植物群落及土壤环境等因子影响表栖节肢动物群落组成和多样性。

关键词: 农业景观, 封丘县, 两栖类生物, 黄河下游地区

Abstract: Four typical habitats, including swampy meadow, grassland meadow, moderately degraded meadow and seriously degraded meadow, were selected in Zoigê wetland, and epigeic arthropod communities were investigated using pitfall traps in May, July, and September 2014, to reveal the effects of alpine meadow degradation on the epigeic arthropod community structure and diversity. A total of 8364 epigeic arthropod individuals were collected during the research periods and classified into 4 classes, 17 orders, and 123 taxonomic groups (family or genus). GeneraEntomobryaand Sphaeridia were the dominant groups in epigeic arthropod communities, andEntomobrya only appeared in the grassland meadow. The diversity index of epigeic arthropods in seriously degraded meadow was significantly lower than in the other habitats, which indicated that the degradation of alpine meadow had a significant effect on the composition of epigeic arthropods. Furthermore, the monthly dynamics in individual number and diversity indices of the epigeic arthropod communities differed among the four habitats. The individual number and richness index of epigeic arthropods in swampy meadow were higher in September than in May and July, but were higher in July for the other habitats. The Shannon diversity index for moderately and seriously degraded meadows varied significantly in different months, and Simpson’s diversity indexamong the four months varied significantly only in seriously degraded meadow. Regression analysis showed that the individual number and diversity of epigeic arthropod communities were affected by the factors of plant communities and soil properties. The results indicated that the degradation of alpine meadow affected the composition and diversity of the epigeic arthropod communities by altering plant communities and soil properties.

Key words: Fengqiu County, the lower reaches of the Yellow River., amphibian, agricultural landscape