Abstract: Piptoporus betulinus is a parasitic fungus on Betula spp., and catalyzes wood fiber into carbohydrate using its secretory enzymes. However, wooddegrading enzymes by this brownrot fungus and its genetic diversity have been poorly studied. Here we collected fruiting bodies of P. betulinus from four sites in Northeastern China, detected their cellulase and hemicellulase activities, and then analyzed genetic diversity using target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) marker. The results showed that enzymatic activities of strains collected from Maoershan and Dunhua were relatively higher than that from the other sites, and variance analysis result indicated that there existed significant differences between different sites and different treated days. All samples were divided into two groups by multidimensional scaling and heat map analysis, which basically coincided well with the pattern of geographic distance similarity, and found that a significant difference in enzyme production existed among different strains. In addition, based on analysis of molecular variance, genetic differentiation mainly occurred within population. These findings provide a technical support for rapidly developing enzyme system and engineering fungi, and lay a foundation for wood protection and the utilization of economic fungi in future.