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利用137Cs大气沉降通量估算土壤侵蚀速率的可行性研究——以辽东湾地区为例

张克新,潘少明*,徐仪红,曹立国,郝永佩,吴孟孟,任珊,黄亚楠   

  1. (南京大学地理与海洋科学学院海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室, 南京 210023)
  • 出版日期:2016-01-10 发布日期:2016-01-10

A feasibility research on soil erosion rate by using 137Cs atmospheric deposition: A case study of Liaodong Bay.

ZHANG Ke-xin, PAN Shao-ming*, XU Yi-hong, CAO Li-guo, HAO Yong-pei, WU Meng-meng, REN Shan, HUANG Ya-nan   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Ministry Education of Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)
  • Online:2016-01-10 Published:2016-01-10

摘要: 利用日本东京和秋田地区1957—2008年的137Cs年沉降数据和降水数据,对辽东湾地区137Cs的大气沉降通量进行估算;通过建立模型,对用137Cs大气沉降通量来估算土壤侵蚀速率的可行性进行分析。结果表明: 辽东湾地区137Cs的大气总沉降通量为1614 Bq·m-2;利用该值估算出该区域的年均土壤侵蚀速率为17.39~38.92 t·hm-2·a-1,而采用杨浩等(2000)的质量平衡模型估算出该地区年均土壤侵蚀速率为11.97~44.94 t·hm-2·a-1;本文计算结果的变异系数为30.5%,低于杨浩等(2000)估算结果的变异系数49%。本文所采用的方法得出的结果与实测大气沉降通量背景值(1845 Bq·m-2)得出的结果进行t检验表明,两种方法估算的结果没有显著性差异,说明采用137Cs大气沉降通量来估算土壤侵蚀速率是可行的,有利于简化估算土壤侵蚀速率的方法并提高其精度。

关键词: 净温室效应, 地膜覆盖, 温室气体排放强度

Abstract: Anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs released from atmospheric nuclear tests, major nuclear reactor accidents, and other sources can be detected in the environment in most parts of the world. In this paper, we investigated the 137Cs atmospheric deposition in the Liaodong Bay based on the records of 137Cs atmospheric deposition and precipitation in Tokyo and Akita in Japan. Additionally, a practical method for soil erosion rate was studied by using 137Cs atmospheric deposition and developing a model. The results indicated that the cumulative atmospheric deposition inventory of 137Cs was estimated to be 1614 Bq·m-2 (decay corrected to 2009) from 1957 to 2008 in the Liaodong Bay. The value of 137Cs atmospheric deposition can be seen as the reference inventory to estimate for the soil erosion rate. The average soil erosion rate ranged from 17.39-38.92 t·hm-2·a-1 computed by the 137Cs atmospheric deposition. However, the average soil erosion rate ranged from 11.97-44.94 t·hm-2·a-1 using the local reference inventory. This is mainly because we had considered the 137Cs atmospheric dry deposition since 1964 and the 137Cs cumulative atmospheric deposition after 1990, thus, leading to the average result higher than that of Yang et al. (2000). Additionally, the variation coefficient (30.5%) was lower than that (49%) by Yang et al. (2000). This indicated that the dispersion of using the method in present study was also lower than in previous studies. Statistical analysis of the erosion rate derived from the two methods does not show significant difference, which demonstrated that the 137Cs atmospheric deposition is a feasible way to estimate the soil erosion rate.

Key words: net global warming potential, greenhouse gas intensity, plastic film mulching.