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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (03): 438-447.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

沈阳河水、地下水及沉积物中重金属的生态风险评价及来源辨析

吴学丽1,杨永亮1**,汤奇峰1,徐清1,刘晓端1,黄园英1,殷效彩2   

  1. 1国家地质实验测试中心, 中国地质科学院生态地球化学重点开放实验室, 北京 100037;2青岛大学化学化工和环境学院, |山东青岛 266071
  • 出版日期:2011-03-08 发布日期:2011-03-08

Ecological risk assessment and source analysis of heavy metals in river waters, groundwater along river banks, and river sediments in Shenyang.

WU Xue-li1, YANG Yong-liang1**, TANG Qi-feng1, XU Qing1, LIU Xiao-duan1, HUANG Yuan-ying1, YIN Xiao-cai2   

  1. 1National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China| 2College of Chemical and Environmental and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
  • Online:2011-03-08 Published:2011-03-08

摘要: 对沈阳地区河流水体、沿岸地下水和表层沉积物中重金属进行了调查,并运用污染因子法及潜在生态风险指数法对污染程度进行评价。结果表明:河水中As的浓度为0.49~11.9 μg·L-1,沈抚灌渠>蒲河>细河>浑河。Cd的浓度为0.01~0.66 μg·L-1,细河>沈抚灌渠>浑河>蒲河。Zn浓度范围为1.0~115 μg·L-1,最高浓度出现在沈抚灌渠。Pb、Cu、Cr平均浓度最高是在细河。浑河和蒲河河水中6种重金属的单因子污染指数及内梅罗指数都<1,未受污染;沈抚灌渠水中Zn和Cr的单因子污染指数和内梅罗指数都>1,为轻度污染;细河夏季内梅罗指数>1,为轻度污染。细河周边地区浅层地下水中Cd和Cr的污染较为严重,致使内梅罗指数都>1,甚至>2,污染水平为中等污染。深层地下水和水稻田水的所有污染指数均<1,未受污染。蒲河和浑河沉积物中6种重金属元素属低潜在生态风险。细河沉积物中Cd属较高潜在生态风险;Cu为中等潜在生态风险。污染来源大致分为3类:1)污水排放和固体废弃物;2)施用磷肥或粪肥;3)冶金、电镀和不锈钢产业的排放。

关键词: 杨树, 刺槐, 养分转移途径, 菌丝桥

Abstract: An investigation was made on the heavy metals in the river waters, groundwater along river banks, and surface sediments in the rivers in Shenyang. In the meantime, the pollution index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the pollution levels of the heavy metals. The As concentration in the river waters ranged in 0.49-11.9 μg·L-1, and was in the order of Shenyang-Fushun Irrigation Channel > Puhe River > Xihe River > Hunhe River; the Cd concentration ranged in 0.01-0.66 μg·L-1, being in the order of Xihe River > the Shenyang-Fushun Irrigation Channel > Hunhe River > Puhe River; and the Zn concentration ranged in 1.0-115 μg·L-1, with the highest concentration in Shenyang-Fushun Irrigation Channel. The highest concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Cr were found in Xihe River. The single pollution index and Nemero index of the 6 heavy metals in Hunhe River and Puhe River were all less than 1.0, but the two indices of Cr and Cd in Shenyang-Fushun Irrigation Channel were higher than 1.0, classified as at slightly polluted level. The Nemero index of Xihe River in summer was higher than 1.0, classified as at slightly polluted level. The Cd and Cr pollution in the shallow groundwater adjacent to Xihe River was more serious, with the Nemero index higher than 1.0 and even over 2.0, classified as at medium pollution level. All the pollution indices of the deep groundwater and rice field water adjacent to Xihe River were less than 10. The sediments in Puhe River and Hunhe River ranked at the low potential ecological risk for the 6 heavy metals. The Cd in the sediments in Xihe River ranked as very high level risk, and Cu ranked as medium-level risk. The pollution sources could be classified as three categories, i.e., (1) waste water discharge and solid wastes, (2) utilization of phosphorous fertilizers and manure, and (3) pollutants discharged from metallurgical, electro-plating, and stainless steel industries.

Key words: Poplar, Black locust, Nutrient transfer ways, Mycorrhizal hyphal links