杂草对土壤重金属的富集与含量特征研究

生态学杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. ›› Issue (6): 639-643.

杂草对土壤重金属的富集与含量特征研究

王广林^1,2, 王立龙¹, 李征¹, 丁佳红¹, 刘登义¹

1. 安徽师范大学生命科学院, 芜湖, 241000;
2. 皖西学院生物系, 六安, 237000

收稿日期:2004-09-22 修回日期:2004-12-08 出版日期:2005-06-10
通讯作者: 刘登义
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(30470270);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2004CB418503);安徽省自然科学基金项目(03043501);重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验专项基金资助

Characteristics of accumulation and content of heavy metals of weeds

WANG Guanglin^1,2, WANG Lilong¹, LI Zheng¹, DING Jiahong¹, LIU Dengyi¹

1. College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China;
2. Department of Biology, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237000, China

Received:2004-09-22 Revised:2004-12-08 Online:2005-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对冶炼厂周围的土壤和杂草中的4种重金属元素含量进行测定和统计.结果表明,杂草不同器官重金属的平均含量由高到低分别为根＞叶＞茎,重金属在植物体内含量的分布为Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Pb,富集系数由大到小为Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Ni.看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、菰(Zizania latifolia)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、丁香蓼(Ludwigia prostrata)、双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)等植物的根对Cu有较强的富集能力,其富集系数分别为2.54、2.69、4.82、10.74、7.33和4.60.看麦娘、双穗雀稗、丁香蓼、芦苇、鬼针草的根以及井口边草(Pteris multifida)地下部分和小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)叶中的Cu含量分别高达813.4、1 338、1 99.6、840.1、1 066.6、2 030和334.5 mg·kg^-1.水蓼(Ploygonum hydropiper)叶对Pb有较强的富集能力,其富集系数是2.1.丁香蓼、蛇床(Cnidium monnieri)和婆婆纳(Veronica didyma)叶以及野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulaefolia)的茎和叶对Zn有较强的富集能力,富集系数分别是2.28、2.45、3.02、2.25和2.54.杂草重金属含量与土壤中重金属含量的相关性不大.丁香蓼较适合作为重金属Cu、Zn污染地区的恢复植物.

关键词: 空间多样性指数, 野生动物, 生境格局, 辽河三角洲

Abstract: The contents of four heavy metal elements including Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in 30 weed species collected from the sewage area near a smeltery were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the organs followed an order as roots>leaves>stems based on their average concentrations of four elements.The elements ranked as Cu >Zn>Ni>Pb according to their concentrations in weeds, while the accumulation coefficients were in order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni in weeds.The accumulation coefficients of Cu in the roots of Alopecurus aequalis, Zizania latifolia, Bidens pilosa, Ludzvigia prostrate, Paspalum distichum and Phragmites australis were 2.54, 2.69, 4.82,10.74, 7.33 and 4.60, respectively.The roots of these weeds had high enriching abilities of Cu.Cu concentrations in some weeds were as follow: roots of Alopecurus aequalis 813.4, roots of Paspalum distichum 1 338, roots of Ludwigia prostrate 1 959.65, roots of Phragmites australis 840.1, roots of Bidens pilosa 1 066.6, the underground parts of Pteris multifida 2 030 and leaves of Conyza canadensis 334.5 mg穔g^-1.The leaves of Ploygonum hydropiper exhibited high abilities of accumulation of Pb.Ludxvigia prostrate, Cnidium monnieri, Veronica didyma and Artemisia lavandulaefolia showed high accumulation abilities of Zn.Little correlation between the heavy metal element contents of weeds and soils was found from regression analysis.Ludvuigia prostrate is very useful in the restoration of Cu and Zn sewage polluted area.

Key words: Spatial diversity index, Wildlife, Habitat pattern, Liaohe Delta

中图分类号:

王广林, 王立龙, 李征, 丁佳红, 刘登义. 杂草对土壤重金属的富集与含量特征研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (6): 639-643.

WANG Guanglin, WANG Lilong, LI Zheng, DING Jiahong, LIU Dengyi. Characteristics of accumulation and content of heavy metals of weeds[J]. cje, 2005, (6): 639-643.

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