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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 680-691.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202103.033

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南槟榔园不同母岩发育土壤养分状况及其化学计量特征

赵月1,5,李玉珠1,5,苏磊2,葛成军3,杨安富4,唐世新2*,鲍雪莲1*,解宏图1   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 河北廊坊 065000;3海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228;4海南省环境科学研究院, 海口 570100; 5中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2021-03-10 发布日期:2021-03-15

The nutrient and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soils developed from different parent rocks in areca plantation, Hainan Province.

ZHAO Yue1,5, LI Yu-zhu1,5, SU Lei2, GE Cheng-jun3, YANG An-fu4, TANG Shi-xin2*, BAO Xue-lian1*, XIE Hong-tu1   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China; 3College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; 4Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 570100, China; 5University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2021-03-10 Published:2021-03-15

摘要: 母岩的性质很大程度上决定了其发育土壤的养分含量及其特性。本文对分布在海南省11个市县的火山岩、侵入岩、变质岩和沉积岩发育的槟榔园土壤养分含量及碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征进行分析,研究土壤养分与母岩及土层间的关系。结果表明:槟榔园土壤养分状况及其化学计量特征受母岩历史继承性因素影响;火山岩发育的土壤有机碳(SOC为17.67 g·kg-1)、全氮(TN为1.48 g·kg-1)、全磷(TP为0.36 g·kg-1)和速效氮(AN为16.89 mg·kg-1)含量显著高于侵入岩、变质岩和沉积岩,侵入岩和沉积岩发育的土壤全钾和速效钾含量显著高于火山岩和变质岩;母岩的特性同时影响养分在土层间的分配,沉积岩发育的土壤硝态氮、速效钾含量和水溶性碳与速效磷计量比(DOC/AP)在土层间无显著差异;土壤碳氮和氮磷化学计量比在火山岩和沉积岩发育土壤中呈现相反的变化趋势,而碳磷计量比变化趋势一致;火山岩发育土壤高SOC/TN和低TN/TP,意味着有机碳分解速率慢且氮对土壤养分限制严重;沉积岩发育的土壤高DOC/AN和低AN/AP,意味着易被吸收利用的活性有机碳库丰富,而作为限制因子的速效氮缺乏。总体来说,海南省槟榔园的土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量均处于较适宜状态,而全磷(除火山岩)和速效钾缺乏。为提高土壤养分含量及其有效性,进一步挖掘种植潜力,应针对不同母岩发育土壤合理施肥、科学管理。

关键词: 母岩, 土壤层次, 土壤养分, 化学计量比, 槟榔园, 海南省

Abstract: Parent rock plays an important role in driving the nutrient content and characteristics of soils. In this study, we investigated the contents and stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in areca plantation soil formed by different parent rocks, including volcanic, intrusive, metamorphic and sedimentary rock. The sampling sites are distributed in 11 cities and counties in Hainan Province. We examined the variations of soil nutrients among parent rocks and different soil layers. The results showed that soil nutrient status and stoichiometric characteristics of areca plantations were influenced by the factors related to the historical heritage of parent rocks. The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and available nitrogen (AN) in soils developed from volcanic rocks were significantly higher than those in intrusive rocks, metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary rocks. The contents of total and available potassium (TK and AK) in soils developed from intrusive and sedimentary rocks were significantly higher than those in volcanic rocks and metamorphic rocks. The characteristics of the parent rocks affected the distribution of soil nutrients among soil profile. The contents of AN, AK, and DOC/AP in sedimentary rocks showed no differences among soil layers. The stoichiometric ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus showed the opposite variation between the soils developed from volcanic and sedimentary rocks, while that of carbon and phosphorus showed the same variation pattern. The higher SOC/TN and lower TN/TP in volcanic rocks indicated that the decomposition rate of organic carbon would be lower and that nitrogen availability was severely limited. The higher DOC/AN and lower AN/AP in sedimentary rocks indicated that the soil was richer in active organic carbon pool but poorer in available nitrogen, highlighting the limitation of N. In general, the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were all at an optimal state, while the contents of total phosphorus (except for volcanic rock) and available potassium were mainly at a scarce state. To improve the soil nutrient content and its availability, and further mine the planting potential, the soils should be reasonably fertilized and scientifically managed according to different parent rocks.

Key words: parent rock, soil layer, soil nutrient, stoichiometric ratio, areca plantation, Hainan Province.