欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 3613-3622.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202011.005

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄金河国家湿地公园外来植物种类组成、区系与入侵危害

XIE Yong1, XU Yong-fu1, YOU Jian-rong1, LI Jia-xiang1*, XIONG Lei2, LI Chang2   

  1. (1中南林业科技大学, 长沙 410004; 2湖南平江黄金河国家湿地公园管理处, 湖南岳阳 414506)
  • 出版日期:2020-11-11 发布日期:2021-05-10

Species composition, flora and invasion hazard of alien plants in Huangjinhe National Wetland Park.

谢勇1,徐永福1,游健荣1,李家湘1*,熊磊2,李畅2   

  1. (1Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; 2Hunan Pingjiang Huangjin River National Wetland Park Management Office, Yueyang 414506, Hunan, China).
  • Online:2020-11-11 Published:2021-05-10

摘要: 外来植物入侵对湿地生态系统的影响是生态学研究的重要议题,而关于库塘型湿地生态系统的研究却鲜有报道。本研究以湖南省平江市黄金河国家湿地公园为对象,基于5种土地利用类型共10条样线调查资料,对公园内外来植物的种类组成、区系特征和危害程度进行了研究。结果表明:(1)公园内外来植物共17科37属46种,菊科(9种)和禾本科(7种)植物最为丰富,分别占总种数的19.57%和15.22%;生长型以一、二年生草本为主(33种),占总种数的71.74%。(2)原产地以南美洲和北美洲为主,说明美洲大陆起源的外来植物在公园内具备更好的适应能力。(3)区系组成上热带科属比例显著高于温带科属,表现出强烈的热带区系性质。(4)公园内共有42种外来植物形成入侵危害,前3级危害种(32种)占总种数的69.57%,其中大狼杷草、凤眼莲等5种植物已造成恶性入侵危害。(5)公园与同纬度范围内其他湿地(洞庭湖、南矶山和漩门湾)外来植物的主要原产地均为美洲,并以菊科植物和一年生草本最为优势;相互间种类组成相似性系数随距离增大而减小,与洞庭湖的相似性最高,并有32.61%(15种)的外来植物种类仅见于黄金河。悠久的人类干扰历史、多样的土地利用类型和复杂的生境特征是库塘型湿地外来植物组成和入侵危害的主要原因,建议采取严控人为引入途径和根据不同生境类型及时治理相结合的措施予以防控。

关键词:
黄金河国家湿地公园,
湿地生态系统, 库塘型湿地, 植物区系, 湖南
 

Abstract:

 The impacts of alien species invasion on wetlands are an important issue in ecological research, but there are few reports on reservoir wetlands. Based on field investigation of 10 sampling transects across five landuse types, we analyzed species composition, flora characteristics and hazard degree of alien plants in Huangjinhe National Wetland Park in Pingjiang, Hunan Province. The results showed that: (1) A total of 46 alien plant species belonging to 37 genera and 17 families were recorded, with the dominant growthform of annual and biennial herb (33 species) accounting for 71.74% of the total alien species. Asteraceae (9 species) and Poaceae (7 species) were the most speciesabundant families, accounting for 19.57% and 15.22% of the total species richness, respectively. (2) South America and North America were mainly the origins of alien species, indicating that alien plants originated from American continent have better adaptability in the park. (3) The proportions of tropical families and genera were significantly higher than those of temperate families and genera, indicating that flora of the alien plants had a strong tropical nature. (4) 42 alien plant species showed different degrees of invasive hazards. The species (32 species) with the first three levels of invasive hazards accounted for 69.57% of the total species, five species out of which, including Bidens frondosa,Eichhornia crassipes, caused the malignant invasive hazards. (5) America was the main origin of alien plants in the park and in other wetlands (Dongting Lake, Nanjishan and Xuanmenwan) from the same latitude. Plant species of Compositae and annual herbs were most dominant. The similarity coefficients of species between Huangjinhe and other wetlands decreased with the increases of distance, with the highest similarity being with Dongting Lake. The proportion of species only found in Huangjinghe was 32.61% (15 species). The long history of human disturbance, diverse land use types and complex habitat characteristics are the main reasons for the composition and invasion hazards of alien plants in reservoir wetlands. To prevent and control the invasion of alien plants, it is suggested to combine strict control of human introduction and timely treatmentaccording to different habitat types.

Key words: Huangjinhe National Wetland Park, wetland ecosystem, reservoir wetland, flora, Hunan.