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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 3492-3492.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202010.002

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免耕对玉米根系属性和产量以及土壤物理性质的影响:整合分析

吕秋爽1,2,周斌3,王朋1*   

  1. 1中国科学院大学沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3辽宁省生态气象和卫星遥感中心, 沈阳 110166)
  • 出版日期:2020-10-10 发布日期:2021-04-09

Effects of no-tillage on root traits and yield of maize and soil physical properties: A metaanalysis. #br#

Lyu Qiu-shuang1,2, ZHOU Bin3, WANG Peng1*#br#   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Liaoning Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center,Shenyang 110166, China).
  • Online:2020-10-10 Published:2021-04-09

摘要: 探讨免耕对作物根系生长和产量以及土壤物理性质的影响可以为科学管理保护性耕作提供依据。本文对相关文献进行整合分析发现,免耕显著降低玉米根长、根长密度和根表面积,降幅分别为13.8%、15.7%和22.8%,而免耕对玉米根系生物量、生物量密度和比根长影响不显著;免耕显著降低了玉米产量,降幅达8.4%,并与土壤pH有关(pH<7.0,P<0.05;pH≥7.0,P>0.05)。免耕显著增加土壤容重和穿透阻力,增幅为3.5%、13.0%;减少了土壤含水量。沿土壤剖面,免耕对生物量密度的影响从负效应(10~20 cm,-22.2%)、无影响(0~10 cm和20~30 cm,P>0.05)到正效应(30~40 cm,33.3%),而对生物量密度在水平分布上无影响;免耕显著增加了土壤容重(0~20 cm)和穿透阻力(0~10 cm)。鉴于免耕对玉米产量和土壤物理环境的负效应,建议实践中由常规耕作转变为免耕后同时结合秸秆覆盖(或还田)策略,未来应加强研究作物根系属性对保护性耕作的响应与适应机制,以及免耕/秸秆还田等多策略的长期观测试验研究,为农业可持续发展提供理论和实践参考。

关键词: 免耕, 根系形态属性, 土壤物理环境, 玉米产量, 整合分析

Abstract: Studies on the effects of no-tillage on root growth and yields of crops and soil physical properties could provide basic information for the development of no-tillage practices. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the responses of soil physical properties and root morphological traits and yields of maize to no-tillage. The results showed that no-tillage significantly reduced root length, root length density, and root surface area density by 13.8%, 15.7% and 22.8%, respectively, but did not affect root biomass, root biomass density (RMD) and specific root length. No tillage significantly reduced maize yield by 8.4%, such negative effect being significant at sites of soil pH<7.0 (P<0.05) but not at sites of soil pH≥7.0. Notillage significantly increased soil bulk density and penetration resistance by 3.5% and 13.0%, respectively, while it decreased soil water content. Across the soil profile, no-tillage significantly reduced RMD (10-20 cm, -22.2%), increased RMD (30-40 cm, 33.3%), but did not affect RMD in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsoil (20-30 cm) as well as its horizontal distribution. No-tillage significantly increased soil bulk density (0-20 cm) and penetration resistance (0-10 cm). Our results highlight the negative effects of no-tillage on yield and soil physical properties. Future studies need to better understand the long-term responses of crop root traits to no-tillage. Improved no-tillage with additional system modifications (residue retention) is necessary to optimizing no-tillage performance and contributing to food production goals.

Key words: no-tillage, root morphological trait, soil physical environment, corn yield, meta-analysis.