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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 2974-2983.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202009.025

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

气象因子对寒地玉米籽粒灌浆进程的影响

李超,张加慧,郭栋,林琦琪,张时语,朱涵宇,王帅,胡帅,李晓超,朴琳*,李明*   

  1. (东北农业大学农学院, 哈尔滨 150030)
  • 出版日期:2020-09-10 发布日期:2021-03-10

Effects of meteorological factors on grain filling process of maize in cold region.

LI Chao, ZHANG Jia-hui, GUO Dong, LIN Qi-qi, ZHANG Shi-yu, ZHU Han-yu, WANG Shuai, HU Shuai, LI Xiao-chao, PIAO Lin*, LI Ming*   

  1. (Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China).
  • Online:2020-09-10 Published:2021-03-10

摘要: 为探讨粒重和籽粒灌浆参数与气象因子之间的关系,选择早熟品种“德美亚1号”、中熟品种“吉单27”和晚熟品种“郑单958”3个品种,于2017—2018年在哈尔滨进行播期试验,对籽粒发育动态及灌浆特性进行了分析。结果表明:产量与粒重呈极显著正相关,与穗粒数相关不显著;粒重与灌浆速率呈显著正相关,与达到最大速率的时间和灌浆活跃期无显著相关性;积温、辐射、饱和水气压差与灌浆速率呈极显著正相关;前期温度升高,辐射增大有利于早熟品种灌浆速率的提高,而后期温度降低、辐射减少显著缩短晚熟品种灌浆时间,降低其灌浆速率;粒重与花后的降水量呈负相关,与辐射量呈正相关,与积温的关系因品种而不同;积温是影响粒重最主要的气象因子,当早、中、晚熟品种在灌浆期积温分别达到920、1020、1100 ℃时,可获得最大粒重。

关键词: 气象因子, 玉米, 产量, 籽粒灌浆, 寒地  

Abstract: To explore the relationship between kernel weight, grain filling parameters and meteorological factors, three maize varieties (early maturing variety Demaiya 1, medium maturing variety Jidan 27 and late maturing variety Zhengdan 958) were selected for a sowing date experiment in Harbin in 2017-2018. We analyzed the kernel development dynamics and grain filling characteristics. There was a significant positive correlation between yield and kernel weight (P<0.01), but no correlation between yield and kernel number per ear. Kernel weight was significantly positively correlated with grain filling rate (P<0.05), but not correlated with the time of reaching maximum rate and active period. The accumulated temperature, radiation, and saturated water pressure values were significantly positively correlated to filling rate (P<0.01). Increases in temperature and radiation in the early stage contributed to the increase in the filling rate of the earlymaturing variety, while decreases in temperature and radiation in the later period significantly reduced filling time and filling rate of the latematuring variety. Kernel weight was negatively correlated with precipitation after anthesis and positively correlated with radiation. The relationship of kernel weight with accumulated temperature varied across maize variety. Accumulated temperature was the major factor influencing kernel weight. Maximum grain weight would be obtained when the accumulated temperature of early, middle, and late maturing varieties reaches 920, 1020, and 1100 ℃ respectively.

Key words: meteorological factor, maize, yield, grain filling, cold region.